Tropentag, September 16 - 18, 2026, Göttingen "Towards multi-functional agro-ecosystems promoting climate-resilient futures"

Polyploidy induction in 'Bentong' ginger as a strategy for genetic improvement

¹Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Crop Science, Malaysia
²Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Crop Science
³Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Agriculture Technology
⁴Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Plant Protection, Malaysia
⁵Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Germany
⁶Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Crop Science, Malaysia

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a globally important crop valued for its culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. Its bioactive compounds, particularly gingerols and shogaols, are well documented for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Despite its significance, poor natural flowering and seed set severely limit conventional breeding efforts in ginger, resulting in persistently low productivity and narrow genetic diversity. This study explored in vitro polyploidy induction as an alternative genetic improvement strategy for 'Bentong' ginger, a premium ginger cultivar widely grown in Malaysia. Oryzalin and amiprofos-methyl (APM) were applied at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µM, while colchicine (5 mM) served as a positive control. All treatments were supplemented with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium to enhance cellular uptake of the antimitotic agents. Two control treatments, MS liquid medium with and without 2% DMSO, were included for comparison. Putative polyploid plants were initially screened based on stomatal size, stomatal density, and chloroplast number per guard cell as indicators for polyploidy. Selected candidate plants were subsequently confirmed for ploidy level using flow cytometry analysis. Among all treatments, APM at 60 µM proved the most effective antimitotic agent, achieving the highest tetraploidy induction rate of 55.56%. Confirmed tetraploid plants demonstrated superior growth and physiological performance compared to their diploid counterparts, including earlier rhizome initiation and significantly higher rhizome yield. Furthermore, tetraploid plants exhibited improved accumulation of bioactive compounds and enhanced antioxidant activity, suggesting greater medicinal and nutritional potential. These findings demonstrate that polyploidy induction is a viable and sustainable strategy for improving ginger productivity, enhancing its nutritional and medicinal value, and supporting long-term food security.

Keywords: Amiprofos-methyl, flow cytometry, oryzalin, tetraploid, zingiber officinale

Contact Address: Nisar Ahmad Zahid, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Crop Science, Department of crop science faculty of agriculture universiti putra malaysia, 43400 Sardang, Malaysia, e-mail: gs69411student.upm.edu.my