\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Variation in Baobab (\textit{Adansonia digitata} L.) Root Tuber Development, Yield Potential and Leaf Number among Different Growth Conditions for Five Provenances in Malawi},pdfauthor={Lennart Jansen, Dietrich Darr, Nele Hansohm, Jens Gebauer, Kathrin Meinhold, Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali, Florian Wichern},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2020: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Baobab, indigenous fruit tree, Malawi, root tubers, underutilised plants},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2020.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2020.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 9-11, 2020, virtual conference}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Food and nutrition security and its resilience\\ to global crises''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Variation in Baobab (\textit{Adansonia digitata} L.) Root Tuber Development, Yield Potential and Leaf Number among Different Growth Conditions for Five Provenances in Malawi\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Lennart Jansen, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Fac. of Life Sciences, Kleve, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lennart.jansen@hsrw.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Lennart Jansen$^{1}$, Dietrich Darr$^{1}$, Nele Hansohm$^{1}$, Jens Gebauer$^{1}$, Kathrin Meinhold$^{1}$, Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali$^{2}$, Florian Wichern$^{1}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Fac. of Life Sciences, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Mzuzu University, Department of Forestry, Malawi}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Jansen, Lennart}
\index[author]{Darr, Dietrich}
\index[author]{Hansohm, Nele}
\index[author]{Gebauer, Jens}
\index[author]{Meinhold, Kathrin}
\index[author]{Munthali, Chimuleke R. Y.}
\index[author]{Wichern, Florian}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The baobab tree is an underutilised indigenous fruit tree in sub-Saharan Africa which, at the same time is vulnerable to overexploitation in areas close to centres of demand, as currently baobab use is limited to wild baobab trees. Baobab seedlings are known to form root tubers, but little is known about their growth characteristics and its yield potential. This study aims to investigate the root tuber and leaf development of baobab seedlings grown from seeds of five provenances, sown at three different planting distances in two nursery trials at climatically distinct locations in Malawi, namely Mzuzu and Mangochi. The observed yield data was fed into preliminary farm-gate profitability analyses for three different scenarios that differed by planting distance. Results indicate increased growth rates for root dry mass and number of developed leaves with increasing planting distance. However, we did not find a significant effect of seedling provenance on any of the measured plant growth parameters. Seedlings invested mainly into root development during the growth period, with root tubers reaching an average fresh weight of 41 $\pm$,39 g and an average length of 24 $\pm$,11.9 cm at 138 days after sowing. Profitability analyses showed a potential total net benefit of 12.78 USD per harvest cycle of 16 weeks and per 100 m\textsuperscript{2} of land cultivated with baobab root tubers, which was better than an alternative scenario of maize cropping on the same area that showed with a negative total net benefit when cost of family labour was included. However, the heterogeneity of root tuber development as affected by abiotic and biotic factors like soil fertility and water availability, as well as genetic origin warrant further investigations. }

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Baobab, indigenous fruit tree, Malawi, root tubers, underutilised plants
\index[key]{Baobab}
\index[key]{Indigenous!fruit tree}
\index[key]{Malawi}
\index[key]{Root tubers}
\index[key]{Underutilised plants}
\end{document}
