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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of Dynamic Agroforestry Systems and Cocoa Plant Health in in Western Ghana},pdfauthor={Elisa Bossi, Ingrid Fromm, Christian Andres, Monika Schneider},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2020: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cocoa production, dynamic agroforestry, field establishment of cocoa, field management, plant health},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 9-11, 2020, virtual conference}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Food and nutrition security and its resilience\\ to global crises''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Analysis of Dynamic Agroforestry Systems and Cocoa Plant Health in in Western Ghana\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ingrid Fromm, Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Laenggasse 85, 3052~Zollikofen, Switzerland, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ingrid.fromm@bfh.ch}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Elisa Bossi$^{1}$, Ingrid Fromm$^{1}$, Christian Andres$^{2}$, Monika Schneider$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Switzerland}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (ETH), Department of Environmental Systems Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Dept. of International Cooperation, Switzerland}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Bossi, Elisa}
\index[author]{Fromm, Ingrid}
\index[author]{Andres, Christian}
\index[author]{Schneider, Monika}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Agroforestry can help mitigate the numerous negative ecological effects caused by cocoa production with full"=sun monocultures providing at the same time the diversification of livelihoods through the selling of by"=products. Because the high vulnerability of young cocoa trees represents one of the major constraint for farmers, this study in Western Ghana compared cocoa health and field management quality in monoculture and in agroforestry systems during the field establishment phase. Cocoa mortality rate, vigour, growth rate and field management quality were assessed on 20 Dynamic Agroforestry (DAF) and on 9 monoculture fields aged one, two or three years. The results showed that cocoa mortality rate is lower and the growth rate is higher in DAF than in monocultures. Cocoa vigour and field management quality do not particularly differ between the two cultivation systems. However, management quality strong influences the three plant health parameters. With better field management, cocoa plant health is higher. Many factors not necessarily dependent on cultivation system were found to influence cocoa health such as field planting scheme and accuracy during weeding practices. On the other hand, shade percentage on the field was not a significant factor for higher cocoa health in DAFS. The findings highlighted the potential of DAFS and of good management practices to improve cocoa health during the vulnerable field establishment phase. For this reason, it is important to encourage farmers to diversify their livelihood with DAFS but also to sensitise farmers to improve the management quality to enhance cocoa health during the field establishment phase.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cocoa production, dynamic agroforestry, field establishment of cocoa, field management, plant health
\index[key]{Cocoa production}
\index[key]{Dynamic Agroforestry}
\index[key]{Field establishment of cocoa}
\index[key]{Field management}
\index[key]{Plant!health}
\end{document}
