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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Varietal Effects of Five Contrasting Rice Varieties on Diurnal Methane Emissions at Different Development Stages},pdfauthor={Theresa Detering, Thi Bach Thuong Vo, Reiner Wassmann, Bjoern Ole Sander, Folkard Asch},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2020: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Diurnal variation, greenhouse gas mitigation, manual closed chamber, Oryza sativa, plant growth stages },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 9-11, 2020, virtual conference}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Food and nutrition security and its resilience\\ to global crises''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Varietal Effects of Five Contrasting Rice Varieties on Diurnal Methane Emissions at Different Development Stages\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Theresa Detering, University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agric. Sci. in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Eugenstraße 22, 70182~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{theresa.detering@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Theresa Detering$^{1}$, Thi Bach Thuong Vo$^{2}$, Reiner Wassmann$^{3}$, Bjoern Ole Sander$^{4}$, Folkard Asch$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agric. Sci. in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Hohenheim University, Inst. of Agric. Sci. in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-partenkirchen, Germany, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Vietnam Office, Viet Nam}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agric. Sci. in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Detering, Theresa}
\index[author]{Vo, Thi Bach Thuong}
\index[author]{Wassmann, Reiner}
\index[author]{Sander, Bjoern Ole}
\index[author]{Asch, Folkard}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Currently, concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH$_{4}^{}$) are rising faster than at any time in the last two decades. In order to combat climate change, it is essential to quantify and mitigate methane emissions. Rice production is one of the main anthropogenic sources of methane. While CH$_{4}^{}$ emissions from paddy fields are subject to diurnal variations, these are often neglected in similar field studies, leading to an over- or underestimation of total daily or seasonal methane fluxes. In collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), a field experiment was conducted during the dry season 2019/20 in the An Giang province of the Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD) to evaluate diurnal variations of CH$_{4}^{}$ fluxes at tillering, panicle initiation, and flowering stage for five contrasting rice varieties.CH$_{4}^{}$ samples were collected at 0, 15 and 30 min after chamber closure with a 60-ml syringe using the manual closed chamber method and stored in a 30 ml evacuated glass vial. Analyses were performed with an SRI 8610C gas chromatograph (GC) at the IRRI laboratory in Los Banos, Philippines. Preliminary results show a  distinct diurnal pattern that differed strongly among varieties, with maximum emissions in the early afternoon (12:00 to 15:00), followed by a decline to a minimum around midnight. Data obtained in this study will be used to correct regional emission factors to reflect the effects of diurnal variations and improve the accuracy of CH$_{4}^{}$ extrapolations. Varietal differences in methane emissions in combination with appropriate water management would allow mitigating methane emissions in rice production systems. }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Diurnal variation, greenhouse gas mitigation, manual closed chamber, \textit{Oryza sativa}, plant growth stages 
\index[key]{Diurnal variation}
\index[key]{Greenhouse gas mitigation}
\index[key]{Manual closed chamber}
\index[key]{Oryza sativa@\textit{Oryza sativa}}
\index[key]{Plant!growth stages }
\end{document}
