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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Factors Influencing the Selling Price of Unprocessed Tea among Smallholder Farmers in Ilam, Nepal},pdfauthor={Steffen Münch, Miroslava Bavorova},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2020: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Improved livelihood, nepalese tea farming sector, organic certifications, tea export strategy, tea selling price},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 9-11, 2020, virtual conference}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Food and nutrition security and its resilience\\ to global crises''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Factors Influencing the Selling Price of Unprocessed Tea among Smallholder Farmers in Ilam, Nepal\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Steffen Münch, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Fac. of Tropical AgriSciences - Dept. of Economics and Development, 160 00~Praha, Czech Republic, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{muench@ftz.czu.cz}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Steffen Münch, Miroslava Bavorova}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Czech Univeristy of Life Sciences Prague, Fac. of Tropical AgriSciences - Dept. of Economics and Development, Czech Republic}}}
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\index[author]{Münch, Steffen}
\index[author]{Bavorova, Miroslava}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Despite an increasing demand on tea (Camellia sinenis), global tea prices have been showing a downward trend for the past decade. The certification according to organic farming practises is, among other factors, an effective method for tea farmers to increase profits made from tea production. Furthermore, increasing awareness of consumers towards ethical products is gradually leading to a shift of popularity from conventionally grown to organically produced tea. Nepal´s tea industry is thriving and has steadily been growing in the near past. A large share of domestic tea production in Nepal is carried out by smallholder farmers. Their livelihoods are highly influenced by any fluctuations in the selling prices for tea. The Nepalese government intends to increase the export of tea and eventually improve the living situation of the population working in the tea sector. Based on this problem, we investigated which factors are positively influencing the selling price of unprocessed tea leaves among smallholder tea farmers in Nepal. Information was collected through a questionnaire survey among 91 farmers in Ilam, one of the main districts for tea production in Nepal. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multifactorial regression. Results of the regression analysis indicate that organic certifications, frequent attendance in training, memberships in a cooperative as well as access to credits positively influenced the selling prices of tea (Table). As each of these factors is far from full utilisation among the tea farmers in Nepal, we recommend involved stakeholders to encourage the acquisition of organic certifications for farming operations. In addition, cooperative memberships should be promoted and credits, as well as extension services, should be made more accessible. 















Table: Factors influencing the selling price of unprocessed tea leaves







Variable	      Coefficient	Std. Error   p"=value



			



Organic certification	   7,234	1,684	     0,000



Education	          -0,112	0,164	     0,498



Farming experience	  -0,056	0,088	     0,521



Access to credit	   2,515	1,47	     0,091



Cooperative membership	   6,050	1,87	     0,002



Participation in training  1,202	0,609	     0,052



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Improved livelihood, nepalese tea farming sector, organic certifications, tea export strategy, tea selling price
\index[key]{Improved livelihood}
\index[key]{Nepalese tea farming sector}
\index[key]{Organic!certifications}
\index[key]{Tea export strategy}
\index[key]{Tea selling price}
\end{document}
