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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Leaf Gas Exchange of Lowland Rice in Response to Nitrogen Source and Vapor Pressure Deficit},pdfauthor={Duy Hoang Vu, Alejandro Pieters, Sabine Stürz, Folkard Asch},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2020: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Ammonium, nitrate, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, VPD},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 9-11, 2020, virtual conference}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Food and nutrition security and its resilience\\ to global crises''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Leaf Gas Exchange of Lowland Rice in Response to Nitrogen Source and Vapor Pressure Deficit\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Duy Hoang Vu, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Dept. of Cultivation Sci., Ngo Xuan Quang - Gialam, 131000~Hanoi, Vietnam, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{vdhoang87@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Duy Hoang Vu$^{1}$, Alejandro Pieters$^{2}$, Sabine Stürz$^{2}$, Folkard Asch$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Dept. of Cultivation Sci., Vietnam}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agric. Sci. in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Vu, Duy Hoang}
\index[author]{Pieters, Alejandro}
\index[author]{Stürz, Sabine}
\index[author]{Asch, Folkard}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In anaerobic lowland rice fields, ammonium (NH$_{4}^{+}$) is the dominant form of nitrogen (N) in the soil, whereas nitrate (NO$_{3}^{}$) is the main form of N in aerobic fields. During drained periods in water"=saving irrigation practices, nitrification is favoured and thus, plants take up a higher share of N as NO$_{3}^{}$. Therefore, the progressive implementation of water"=saving irrigation practices arouses increased interest in physiological responses of rice to different N sources. Since assimilation and translocation of the two N forms differ in their demand of photosynthates, leaf gas exchange may be subject to adjustments in response to N source. Two experiments were carried out to study gas exchange of four lowland rice varieties (IR64, BT7, KD18, Jasmine 85) in response to N source (sole NH$_{4}^{+}$and sole NO$_{3}^{}$). Since assimilation rate (A) strongly depends on stomatal conductance (gs), which is highly sensitive to vapour pressure deficit (VPD), the experiments were conducted at varying VPD. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in standard Yoshida nutrient solution during pre"=cultivation. At the plant age of 3 weeks, nutrient solution with sole NH$_{4}^{+}$ or NO$_{3}^{}$ was provided for another 2 weeks. At the end of this period, leaf gas exchange was measured, and after, morphological parameters were determined and starch concentration in the leaves was analyzed. Both, after 2 weeks at low VPD and after transferring the plants from low to high VPD, rice varieties did not show significant differences in A and gs between the two N sources. However, after 2 weeks at high VPD, NO$_{3}^{}$ nutrition led to higher A and gs in IR64 and BT7, whereas no significant difference was found in KD18 and Jasmine 85. Increased root/shoot ratio and specific leaf area of plants in NO$_{3}^{}$ solution was observed after 2 weeks at high VPD. At the same time, starch concentration in the leaves was not altered, indicating an increased allocation of photosynthetic products to the roots. Therefore, we conclude that under long"=term high evaporative demand, NO$_{3}^{}$ nutrition can increase assimilation rates of rice via an increased stomatal conductance in some, but not all varieties.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Ammonium, nitrate, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, VPD
\index[key]{Ammonium}
\index[key]{Nitrate}
\index[key]{Photosynthesis}
\index[key]{Stomatal conductance}
\index[key]{VPD}
\end{document}
