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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Feeding Graded Levels of \textit{Moringa }Feed on Intake, Digestibility, Enteric Ch\textsubscript{4} Emission, Rumen Fermentation, Milk Yield and its Quality of Blri Cattle Breed$^{-1}$ Dairy Cows},pdfauthor={Muhammad Khairul Bashar, Nathu Ram Sarker},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2020: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Digestibility, Intake, Milk production, Milk quality, moringa feed, Rumen environment},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 9-11, 2020, virtual conference}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Food and nutrition security and its resilience\\ to global crises''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Effect of Feeding Graded Levels of \textit{Moringa }Feed on Intake, Digestibility, Enteric Ch\textsubscript{4} Emission, Rumen Fermentation, Milk Yield and its Quality of Blri Cattle Breed$^{-1}$ Dairy Cows\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Muhammad Khairul Bashar, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Animal Production Research Institute (APRD), Stuttgarter Str., 73760~Ostfildern, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kbashar20@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Muhammad Khairul Bashar$^{1}$, Nathu Ram Sarker$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Animal Production Research Institute (APRD), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Bangladesh Livestiock Research Institute (BLRI), Animal Production Research Division (APRD), }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Bashar, Muhammad Khairul}
\index[author]{Sarker, Nathu Ram}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding graded level of \textit{moringa }feed on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, methane (CH\textsubscript{4}) production, milk yield and its quality. 



Fifteen BLRI Cattle Breed (BCB) dairy cows of third or fourth parity after wk 3 and 4 of calving were selected and divided into three dietary groups having five animals in each considering their live weight and ex"=entry daily milk yield. A group of cows fed a control diet (T0) consisting 1:1 dry matter (DM) of napier silage and conventionally mixed concentrate. The other two groups were fed the control diet randomly replacing i) \mbox{50\,\%} (T1) or ii) \mbox{100\,\%} (T2) of its concentrate by \textit{moringa }feed. All the three diets were iso"=nitrogenous and formulated to supply daily energy and crude protein (CP) requirement of the cows according to BSTI standard.



The replacement of concentrate mixture by \textit{moringa }feed to increase the feed efficiency and to reduce the DM or CP intake ($p < 0.05$) per \mbox{100\,kg} or metabolic body weight. The fresh milk and 4\% fat corrected milk (FCM) yield were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 group (4.39 kg d\textsuperscript{-1} and 4.59 kg d\textsuperscript{-1}) compared to T0 group (3.30 kg d\textsuperscript{-1} and 3.49 kg d\textsuperscript{-1}), respectively. It also revealed that the total volatile fatty acid (VFA’s) concentration was increased ($p < 0.05$) and decreased the blood and milk cholesterol and ammonia"=nitrogen (NH\textsubscript{3}-N) when \textit{moringa }feed was added in the control diet; without showing any significant($p > 0.05$) change in CH$_{4}^{}$ production, fat, solid not fat (SNF), lactose or protein content of milk.



Therefore, \textit{moringa }feed increased the productivity of dairy cow, replacing the whole concentrate diet.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Digestibility, Intake, Milk production, Milk quality, moringa feed, Rumen environment
\index[key]{Digestibility}
\index[key]{Intake}
\index[key]{Milk production}
\index[key]{Milk quality}
\index[key]{Moringa @\textit{Moringa }feed}
\index[key]{Rumen environment}
\end{document}
