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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Smallholder's Agriculture, Biodiversity and Food Security},pdfauthor={Eric Tielkes},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biodiversity, smallholder family agriculture},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Smallholder's Agriculture, Biodiversity and Food Security\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} \'{u}, \u{u}, \v{u}, \^{u}, \"{u}, \`{u}, \r{u}, \~{u}, \'{E}, \u{E}, \v{E}, \c{E}, \^{E}, \"{E}, \`{E}, \~{E},, German Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Steinstraße 19, 37213~Witzenhausen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{e.tielkes@ditsl.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{\'{u}, \u{u}, \v{u}, \^{u}, \"{u}, \`{u}, \r{u}, \~{u}, \'{E}, \u{E}, \v{E}, \c{E}, \^{E}, \"{E}, \`{E}, \~{E},}}
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\item[]{\small{\textit{German Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Germany}}}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Smallholder peasant family agriculture is studied in the tropical areas of Ecuador. This type of agriculture is characterised for being multi"=crop, in which age and gender are not restrictions for productive organisation. It includes non"=cultivated plant species that are allowed in the small farm. These "weeds", as commonly termed in conventional agriculture, fulfil different purposes: protection from the wind and pests, conservation of soil humidity, aesthetics, and even protection from spirits. In this presentation, we propose a model of agriculture sustained in biodiversity, which in turn guarantees the equilibrium of agricultural ecosystems and incorporates a social relationship between plants, humans and the environment. To investigate this relationship, we develop a quantitative approach using latent variables in the framework of a PLS-structural equation model. We want to emphasise the symbiotic relation between biodiversity and smallholder peasant family agriculture. The policy implication supports multi"=crop farming against the mono"=cropping model dominating modern capital intensive - land extensive farming. We state that there is a gap of knowledge in the understanding of this form of agricultural organisation; such gap derives from a scientific bias stemming from the Green Revolution. A new paradigm is suggested assigning a role to academic research at the university level to develop scientific grounds towards a new form of agricultural productive organisation that would enhance and guarantee food security.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biodiversity, smallholder family agriculture
\index[key]{Biodiversity}
\index[key]{Smallholder!family agriculture}
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