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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Role of Fruits for Addressing Micronutrient Needs of Children and Mothers/caregivers: Case Study of Three Counties in Kenya},pdfauthor={Brendah Wekesa, Joseph Mutua, Ramni Jamnadass, Stepha McMullin},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food production, fruit production, micronutrient deficiencies, Recommended Daily Allowance},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Role of Fruits for Addressing Micronutrient Needs of Children and Mothers/caregivers: Case Study of Three Counties in Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Brendah Wekesa, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Tree Productivity and Diversity, Nairobi, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{wekesabrendah@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Brendah Wekesa$^{1}$, Joseph Mutua$^{2}$, Ramni Jamnadass$^{3}$, Stepha McMullin$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Tree Productivity and Diversity, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Tree Productivity and Diversity, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Tree Genetic Resources and Domestication, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Tree Productivity and Diversity, Kenya}}}
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\index[author]{Wekesa, Brendah}
\index[author]{Mutua, Joseph}
\index[author]{Jamnadass, Ramni}
\index[author]{McMullin, Stepha}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Micronutrient deficiencies among women and children in Kenya are highly prevalent in part, due to sub"=optimal intake of micronutrients in their diets. Fruits provide a variety of micronutrients required for good health, growth and development of individuals. This study comprised of 439 children aged 6--59 months and their mothers/caregivers randomly sampled from villages in Tharaka"=nithi, Kitui and Kwale Counties, Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on household food production and Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP) and 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires were used to assess food and nutrient intake of mothers/caregivers and children. The mean MAHFP was nine in 12 months. The mean land size for households was 0.96 hectares; \mbox{95\,\%}, \mbox{77\,\%} and \mbox{63\,\%} of the households cultivated staples/pulses, vegetables and fruits respectively. The main crops cultivated were maize, beans and green grams, vegetables; cowpea leaves, amaranth and kale while the fruits were mango, banana, guava and pawpaw (some of these fruits were harvested year"=round). The median intake of micronutrients such as vitamin A, C, folate, calcium, iron and zinc for caregivers and children was below the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Less than a quarter of the mothers/caregivers met their RDA for the above nutrients while more than half of the children met their RDA for vitamin C (\mbox{55\,\%}) and zinc (\mbox{63\,\%},) while only \mbox{31\,\%}, \mbox{24\,\%} and \mbox{17\,\%} achieved their RDA for folate, vitamin A and iron respectively. The proportion of caregivers who achieved their RDA for vitamin C and A was significantly higher among households that cultivate fruits than those that do not (\mbox{23.2\,\%} Vs \mbox{2.5\,\%} $p = 0.000$ and \mbox{10.9\,\%} Vs 4.9 $p = 0.032$). This was similar among children who achieved their RDA for vitamin C (\mbox{61.6\,\%} Vs \mbox{42.9\,\%} $p = 0.000$) and vitamin A (\mbox{27.5\,\%} Vs, \mbox{17.2\,\%} $p = 0.014$). There is inadequate intake of essential micronutrients among children and caregivers in these counties; this puts them at risk of high morbidity and mortality. Promoting increased fruit production of a diversity of species rich in key micronutrients such as vitamin A and C and are seasonally available year"=round; and increased consumption amongst these communities could contribute to better micronutrient intake.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food production, fruit production, micronutrient deficiencies, Recommended Daily Allowance
\index[key]{Food!production}
\index[key]{Fruit production}
\index[key]{Micronutrient deficiencies}
\index[key]{Recommended Daily Allowance}
\end{document}
