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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Isolation of \textit{Salmonella }from Frozen Chicken Carcasses Produced by Commercial Companies in Khartoum State, Sudan},pdfauthor={Siham Abdalla, Saadia Abbas, Ibtisam El Zubeir},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Carcasses, salmonella},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Isolation of \textit{Salmonella }from Frozen Chicken Carcasses Produced by Commercial Companies in Khartoum State, Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Siham Abdalla, University of Khartoum, Poultry Production, Elmoanaa, Bahari, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{seham.abdalla75@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Siham Abdalla$^{1}$, Saadia Abbas$^{1}$, Ibtisam El Zubeir$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Khartoum, Poultry Production, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Khartoum, Dept. of Dairy Production, Sudan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Abdalla, Siham}
\index[author]{Abbas, Saadia}
\index[author]{El Zubeir, Ibtisam}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Twenty seven broiler chicken carcasses were purchased from different retails outlets in Khartoum State; Sudan they were produced by six large scale (produced more than ten thousand tons of broiler chicken carcasses) (LS) and three small scale (produced more than ten thousand tons of broiler chicken carcasses) (SS) companies. Three whole chickens' carcasses that collected randomly from each company( transported to laboratory in sterile bags) , were used to isolate and compare the prevalence and the count of Salmonella. Results showed that the mean values of \textit{Salmonella }count in skin samples (crop skin and under wing) of carcasses from large scale and SS were 2.143 and 2.056 log\unitfrac[10]{cfu}{g} and 1.927 and 1.837 log\unitfrac[10]{cfu}{g}, respectively.  The  mean  values  of  total  \textit{salmonella } isolated  from  breast  meat (shallow and deep sampling) of carcasses from large scale companies were significantly higher than those from small scale (1.931 and 1.731 log\unitfrac[10]{cfu}{g} vs. 1.169 and 0.0log\unitfrac[10]{cfu}{g}). Four serovars of \textit{salmonella }were isolated with \textit{Salmonella }tyhimurium  as  the most  prevalent (\mbox{34.37\,\%})  followed by  \textit{Salmonella } typhi  (\mbox{28.125\,\%})  and  Salmonela  enteritidis(\mbox{21.875\,\%})  compared  to  \textit{Salmonella }paratyhi  (\mbox{15.625\,\%}).  Unexpectedly,  the  hygienic  quality  of  frozen  chicken meat  produced  by  Small Scale  companies  was  significantly  higher  than  that  produced  by  Large Scale  companies, whereas the highest  \textit{Salmonella } count in both (large scale and small scale)  was found in the skin.  These results demonstrated the importance of good hygienic practices and risk analysis both at the farm level and broiler processing plants and health certificate for person who handle the chicken should be ensured. 







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Carcasses, salmonella
\index[key]{Carcasses}
\index[key]{Salmonella}
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