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\hypersetup{pdftitle={\textit{In vitro} Gas Fermentation Assessment of \textit{Persea americana} Leaf and Acceptability by West African Dwarf Sheep},pdfauthor={Adejoke Mako, Victor Akinwande, Abayomi Akinfemi, Oluwakemi Ajayi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Acceptability, in vitro gas fermentation, leaves, Persea americana, WAD Sheep},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{\textit{In vitro} Gas Fermentation Assessment of \textit{Persea americana} Leaf and Acceptability by West African Dwarf Sheep\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Adejoke Mako, Tai Solarin University of Education, Agricultural Science, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{jokemako2006@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Adejoke Mako$^{1}$, Victor Akinwande$^{1}$, Abayomi Akinfemi$^{2}$, Oluwakemi Ajayi$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tai Solarin University of Education, Agricultural Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Yaba College of Technology, Agricultural Technology, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Mako, Adejoke}
\index[author]{Akinwande, Victor}
\index[author]{Akinfemi, Abayomi}
\index[author]{Ajayi, Oluwakemi}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Ruminants in the tropics are slow growing, resulting from low quality feed. The use of indigenous multipurpose plants is a good strategy for an improved livestock performance. Chemical composition and coefficient of preference (CoP) of green, yellow and brown leaves of \textit{Persea americana} (PA) by West African Dwarf Sheep were determined. \textit{In~vitro} gas production (IVGP) of green, yellow and brown leaves of PA were carried out over a period of 24 hr incubation. Metabolisable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were predicted. 10 M NaOH was introduced into the inoculums after 24 hrs from which methane (CH$_{4}^{}$) production was measured. Results indicated that chemical composition ranged significantly ($p < 0.05$) among the different forms of PA leaves. Dry matter ranged between 88.75 and \mbox{91.22\,\%} in green and brown leaf respectively, same trend was observed for neutral detergent fibre, it ranged from 59.48 to \mbox{60.01\,\%} in green and brown leaf respectively, while the crude protein ranged between 23.59 and \mbox{25.85\,\%} in brown and green leaf respectively. 







The CoP ranged between 1.58 in brown leaf and 2.01 in green leaf. The IVGP, ME, OMD, SCFA and methane production were not significant ($p > 0.05$). Same trend was observed for all the \textit{in~vitro} gas production parameters with the green leaf recording the highest value, while the lowest values were obtained in the brown leaf. They ranged between 6.25 and 8.50 ml/200\,mg DM; 3.73 and 3.96\,{MJ}\,{kg}\textsuperscript{-1} DM; 38.66 and 41.67 \%; 0.18 and 0.22 $\mu$mol; 2 and 4 ml/200\,mg DM in brown and green leaf respectively.  







The result of this study showed that all forms of \textit{Persea americana} leaf have potential as prospective forage for ruminant production in the tropics
.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Acceptability, \textit{in~vitro} gas fermentation, leaves, \textit{Persea americana}, WAD Sheep
\index[key]{Acceptability}
\index[key]{In vitro@\textit{In vitro}!gas fermentation}
\index[key]{Persea americana@\textit{Persea americana}}
\index[key]{WAD sheep}
\index[key]{Sheep!WAD}
\end{document}
