\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Influence of Pre"=Treatment Methods for Baobab (\textit{Adansonia digitata}) Seed Germination},pdfauthor={Tomas Cermak, Bohdan Lojka},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adansonia digitata L., Africa, germination, scarification, seed domrancy},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{The Influence of Pre"=Treatment Methods for Baobab (\textit{Adansonia digitata}) Seed Germination\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Tomas Cermak, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Fac. Tropical Agrisciences, Dept. of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{certtom@seznam.cz}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Tomas Cermak, Bohdan Lojka}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Fac. Tropical Agrisciences, Dept. of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech Republic}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Cermak, Tomas}
\index[author]{Lojka, Bohdan}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
\textit{Adansonia digitata} L., the baobab tree native to drylands of sub-Saharan Africa, is an indigenous, multipurpose species with edible fruit pulp, seeds and leaves and several other non"=food uses e.g. fodder, fibre, oil, tannin, medicine. Despite its importance, it has been recognised that there is a lack of natural regeneration in most of baobab populations related to severe drought events, over"=exploitation, grazing and rapid shifts in land use patterns and deforestation. Therefore, is necessary to identify suitable cultivation methods of baobab to satisfy future local and international demand and reduce the pressure on natural baobab populations. This study aimed at characterising the best pre"=treatment methods of seed scarification. Samples were collected from 48 baobab trees from four populations defined by geographical distance in South"=eastern Kenya in 2015. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague in 2017. Four seed pre"=treatment methods were applied: mechanical scarification by sandpaper, boiling in water for 5 seconds, soaking in \mbox{96\,\%} sulfuric acid and the control treatment. The germination rate for mechanical scarification was \mbox{55\,\%}, for boiling in water \mbox{32\,\%}, for soaking in sulfuric acid \mbox{80\,\%} and control only \mbox{0.2\,\%}. The most effective scarification method was sulfuric acid treatment. However, sulfuric acid is strong acid and not always easily accessible in rural areas of Africa. Therefore, we recommend mechanical scarification as alternative method, as it gives also substantial high germination rates. Our experiment also showed that our seeds that were two years old are capable to survive long term storing without reducing the germination capacity.     }

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Adansonia digitata}, Africa, germination, scarification, seed domrancy
\index[key]{Adansonia digitata@\textit{Adansonia digitata}}
\index[key]{Africa}
\index[key]{Germination}
\index[key]{Scarification}
\index[key]{Seed!domrancy}
\end{document}
