\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Case Study on Grazing Duck Production in Mekong Delta -vietnam Concerned to Avian Influenza (AI)},pdfauthor={Thi Minh Nguyen},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Avian Influenza, Grazing ducks, Hatching and distribution ducklings, survey, Vaccination},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Case Study on Grazing Duck Production in Mekong Delta -vietnam Concerned to Avian Influenza (AI)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Thi Minh Nguyen, Animal Husbandry Association of Vienam (AHAV), Executive Committee, No. 59 Thon Noi Duc Thuong Hoai Duc, Hanoi, Vietnam, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{minhthach55@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Thi Minh Nguyen}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Animal Husbandry Association of Vienam (AHAV), Executive Committee, Vietnam}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Nguyen, Thi Minh}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Introduction:



AI was broken out in Vietnam many years ago and ducks caused concern over the spread of AI. In other hand, ducks are reared around the year and grazing ducks are considered the important income for poor farmers.



A question is: How to control Avian Influenza with duck grazing in Mekong delta?



A case study concerned to AI vaccination on ducks carried out by the Vietnam Avian and human Influenza Control and Prepareness Project (VAHIP).







Materials and methods:



Farmers, hatchery owners, and Commune Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) in Long An and Dong Thap provinces were interviewed. Several discussions with Sub-Departments of Animal Health (SDAHs) and Regional of Animal Health Offices (RAHOs) were arranged. From that a plan and a field trial of AI vaccination for grazing ducks was carried out to control AI.



Results:



Ducks are needed vaccination with two shots at 14 and 42 days old to prevent the AI. But the results of survey showed that: in concrete condition, vaccination reached only 45.8--\mbox{73.1\,\%} of duck population, besides, the grazing ducks seemed to be difficult to control. Total grazing ducks occupied \mbox{85.1\,\%} of population, flock size varied from 100 to thousands of bird. 



The bars for AI vaccination are: rice cultivation around year leads to grazing duck production, hatching eggs and ducklings distribution around year too. The large communes with many canals lead to difficult traffic. In Mekong delta, farmer's awareness of AI are very low: about \mbox{50\,\%} farmers thought of danger of AI and only under \mbox{11.5\,\%} of them got vaccination for their ducks based on their being afraid of AI. Most of farmers did not cooperated with veterinary office in AI vaccination$\ldots$







Discussion and references:



Survey was the basic document for applying early AI vaccination on ducks before grazing (21 days old).











}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Avian Influenza, Grazing ducks, Hatching and distribution ducklings, survey, Vaccination
\index[key]{Avian Influenza}
\index[key]{Grazing ducks}
\index[key]{Hatching and distribution ducklings}
\index[key]{Survey}
\index[key]{Vaccination}
\end{document}
