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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Resource Use Efficiency of Organic Wheat Production in Turkey},pdfauthor={Serkan Gurluk, Esma Aslak},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Environmental impact, organic wheat, resource use efficiency, Turkey},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Resource Use Efficiency of Organic Wheat Production in Turkey\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Serkan Gurluk, Uludag University, Dep. of Agricultural Economics, Görükle, 16059~Bursa, Turkey, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{serkan@uludag.edu.tr}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Serkan Gurluk$^{1}$, Esma Aslak$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Uludag University, Dep. of Agricultural Economics, Turkey}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Uludag University, Agricultural Economics, }}}
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\index[author]{Gurluk, Serkan}
\index[author]{Aslak, Esma}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Intensive cropping techniques, over"=mechanised agricultural production, inefficient agricultural chemical use have negatively affected fields which are important fortune to humans. About \mbox{38\,\%} of Earth's land cover is occupied by agriculture. Agriculture contributes to inefficient resource use if unsustainable methods are pursued. Organic farming is a good alternative in order to provide sustainability and efficient resource use. Yet, it is not enough power to resolve human feeding role. Globally, 1.9 billion adults are overweight and of those 600 million are obese, while 793 million people are undernourished. Organic agriculture is discussed if it is the most appropriate option for sustainable agriculture. The impossibility of feeding people with organic products is associated with low productivity levels. Yet, several studies indicate that organic food is more nutritious in terms of vitamin C, total antioxidants and total omega$^{-3}$ fatty acids. Consequently, it is clear that people can feed themselves with lesser agricultural crops. Another criticism is that organic crops are higher"=priced than conventional crops. The price difference between the conventional and the organic product is essentially a compensation payment that burdens to consumers so that producer prefer to organic methods. The long"=term benefits of organic farming to air, water and land resources should not be overlooked as well. Organic farming produce lesser nitrate and phosphorous leaching and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional farming. Insecticides and fungicides affects biodiversity. If we think that these are not in use on organic farming, it has resource use efficiency in the long term. Current paper considers organic wheat productions and its positive impacts to Turkish economy. In Turkey, there is no organic wheat production yet. We will reveal the conditions in which organic wheat production is partially passed by examining the resource use efficiency. In other words, demands of organic and conventional farming from nature, and their economic evaluations constitute the subject of this research.  



The nature of organic farming and conventional farming, which they demand from nature and restore to the environment, and their unit economic values constitute the subject of this study. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Environmental impact, organic wheat, resource use efficiency, Turkey
\index[key]{Environmental!impact}
\index[key]{Organic!wheat}
\index[key]{Resource!use efficiency}
\index[key]{Turkey}
\end{document}
