\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Mapping of Crop"=Livestock Production Systems in Derived Savannah Area of Southwestern Nigeria},pdfauthor={Adedayo Sosina},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Geo-informatics, integration, resource control, sustainability, wealth},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Mapping of Crop"=Livestock Production Systems in Derived Savannah Area of Southwestern Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Adedayo Sosina, University of Ibadan, Animal Science, University of Ibadan, 234~Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{dayososina@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Adedayo Sosina}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sosina, Adedayo}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Waste utilisation of crop enterprise to wealth by livestock enterprise and vice versa is a challenge to agricultural investment in sub"=Saharan Africa. Many workers had opined various strategies for crop"=livestock production systems with a view of increasing productivity. The study tries to investigate levels of integration among farmers in derived savannah areas of Oyo state, Nigeria.



A total of 180 farmers from the study locations comprised of Oluyole, Ona"=ara, Akinyele, Egbeda, Ido and Ibarapa East LGA were purposively selected. The Global Positioning Systems (GPS) of the farmers' distribution, and the production systems practised as Crop Sole (CS), Livestock Sole (LS), Crop Major-Livestock Minor (CMLM) and Livestock Major-Crop Minor (LMCM) were recorded. The recorded GPS data of the study area were transferred into the ARC-GIS. The ARC-GIS software processed the data using the ARC-GIS model 10.0. 



The percentage of farmers involved in CS, LS, CMLM and LMCM were 8.0, 12.0, 44.0 and \mbox{36.0\,\%}, respectively. About \mbox{80\,\%} farmers were involved in Crop Livestock Production System (CLPS) comprising of CMLM and LMCM with \mbox{44\,\%} and \mbox{36\,\%}, respectively, with lower percentage for LS (12.0) and CS (8.0). The percentage (\%) of farmers involved in food crop only, cash crop only and food and cash crop mixture were 8.2, 37.4 and 55.1, respectively, while the percentage of farm animals kept were 24.0, 18.67, 37.33, 6.67 and 13.33, for goat, sheep, poultry, pig and cattle respectively.



Farmers adopted the crop"=livestock farming system to derive mutual benefit and improve livelihood compared with other production system.



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Geo"=informatics, integration, resource control, sustainability, wealth
\index[key]{Geo"=informatics}
\index[key]{Integration}
\index[key]{Resource!control}
\index[key]{Sustainability}
\index[key]{Wealth}
\end{document}
