\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Use of \textit{Panicum maximum} as a Source of Biofertiliser and Biochar on Crop Response of \textit{Raphanus sativus} L. in Organic Cultivation},pdfauthor={Nilni Sandeepani, Jayantha Weerakkody, Indika Karunarathne},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bio-fertiliser, biochar, Panicum maximum, PGPR, Radish, Roots},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2018.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Use of \textit{Panicum maximum} as a Source of Biofertiliser and Biochar on Crop Response of \textit{Raphanus sativus} L. in Organic Cultivation\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Jayantha Weerakkody, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Dept. of Plantation Management, 60170~Makandura, Sri Lanka, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{wjskweera@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Nilni Sandeepani$^{1}$, Jayantha Weerakkody$^{1}$, Indika Karunarathne$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Plantation Management, Sri Lanka}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, ICT Centre, Sri Lanka}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sandeepani, Nilni}
\index[author]{Weerakkody, Jayantha}
\index[author]{Karunarathne, Indika}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
\textit{Panicum maximum} is an alien invasive perennial weed becoming a threat to environment and agriculture in Sri Lanka. Its control is extremely difficult and expensive due to its heavy dispersion ability. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with \textit{Panicum maximum} root system are having the ability to produce various phytohormones that improve root growth, adsorption of water and minerals that eventually support successful plant growth. Biochar is a soil amendment that enhance the nutrient retention capacity and reduce the total fertiliser requirements by reducing the loss of nutrients via leaching and high cation \& anion exchange capacity. Above ground parts of the \textit{P.~maximum} can be used to produce biochar. This research was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using PGPR associated with \textit{P. maximum} roots as a simple and low cost bio"=fertiliser preparation and use of biochar made from \textit{P.~maximum} as a soil amendment that could be helpful in controlling \textit{P.~maximum} as well as organic agriculture promotion in Sri Lanka. Pieces of \textit{P.~maximum} roots and roots washed solution were two forms of biofertilisers. Vegetative growth, yield and quality of the crop \textit{Raphanus sativus} L. (Radish) grown in an organic system was evaluated by applying two forms of biofertilisers and biochar into the soil. Six treatment combinations of biochar and bio"=fertiliser were tested as a pot trial in a polytunnel.  A significant highest number of leaves and highest yield parameters were observed in radish grown with root pieces of \textit{Panicum maximum} without biochar. Further it exhibited significantly better sensory properties for radish quality compared to other treatments. It was concluded that root pieces of \textit{P.~maximum} can be used as the source of bio"=fertiliser to enhance vegetative growth, yield and quality of radish in organic agriculture. Significant short term effects were not apparent with \textit{P.~maximum} biochar application.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bio"=fertiliser, biochar, \textit{Panicum maximum}, PGPR, radish, roots
\index[key]{Bio"=fertiliser}
\index[key]{Biochar}
\index[key]{Panicum maximum@\textit{Panicum maximum}}
\index[key]{PGPR}
\index[key]{Radish}
\index[key]{Roots}
\end{document}
