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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Milk Security and Safety Educational Programs for Camel Herding Communities Welfare},pdfauthor={Ibtisam El Zubeir},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Awareness programs, camel milk, commercialisation, food security, interventions, pastoralists, quality},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Milk Security and Safety Educational Programs for Camel Herding Communities Welfare\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ibtisam El Zubeir, University of Khartoum, Dept. of Dairy Production, 321~Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ibtisamelzubeir17@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ibtisam El Zubeir}}
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\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Khartoum, Dept. of Dairy Production, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{El Zubeir, Ibtisam}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Camel is a unique animal that mostly adapted to the harsh environment as it is owns and managed traditionally by the migratory pastoralists who utilise the free range pasture. Camel played a vital role in their socio"=economic life as it is the main source of substance and food that is consumed fresh or fermented. Also camels can be managed in semi close system and close farms, where they produce high yield of milk. However the milk composition of she camels at traditional nomadic system was better in comparison to those reared in semi"=intensive and intensive production systems. Moreover camel milk has the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms due to its antimicrobial properties. However the processing of camel milk into products is difficult as it dose not coagulate easily; hence its keeping quality is much more compared to that from other livestock



This presentation will be based on application of some intermediate technology interventions that were suggested and implemented targeting nomadic herders in Sudan; in order to improve the quality of their camel milk and products. Addition of lactoperoxidase, heating of milk and addition of some indigenous herbal plants were found efficient and promising for further application. Moreover these safe preservation methods will increase the possibility of commercialisation of camel milk and products from remote areas to urban consumers. However national an international effort are needed for establishment of proper milk collection centres equipped with proper cooling and transport facilities and small processing units. Also  veterinary services, extension and training services and regulatory standards of milk quality measures should be considered in order to provide a good opportunity for national and international trade of camel milk and its products as organic food.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Awareness programs, camel milk, commercialisation, food security, interventions, pastoralists, quality
\index[key]{Awareness programs}
\index[key]{Camel milk}
\index[key]{Commercialization}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Interventions}
\index[key]{Pastoralists}
\index[key]{Quality}
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