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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Characterisation of Alpha Amylase from Cowpea (\textit{Vigna unguiculata} (L.) WALP.) Grown in Contaminated Soil from Kachia Local Goverment Area Kaduna State Nigeria},pdfauthor={Sadiya Alka, Fazilah Abd Manan, Musa M Abarshi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2018: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Copper, lead, zinc},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 17-19, 2018, Ghent}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Global food security and food safety:\\The role of universities''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Characterisation of Alpha Amylase from Cowpea (\textit{Vigna unguiculata} (L.) WALP.) Grown in Contaminated Soil from Kachia Local Goverment Area Kaduna State Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sadiya Alka, University of Technology Malaysia, Faculty of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Malaysia Skudai Parade, 813100~Johor, Malaysia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{alkasadiya@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sadiya Alka$^{1}$, Fazilah Abd Manan$^{2}$, Musa M Abarshi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Technology Malaysia, Faculty of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Malaysia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Technology Malaysia, Faculty of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Biochemistry, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Alka, Sadiya}
\index[author]{Manan, Fazilah Abd}
\index[author]{Abarshi, Musa M}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The study was conducted to assess heavy metal concentrations and alpha amylaseactivity in the contaminated soil used for military activities in Kachia, Kaduna Stateand plants grown on the soil. Soil and cowpea plant samples obtained from pollutedand unpolluted (control) soil were digested and analysed for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn),copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Alphaamylase activity and total sugar were also determined using conventional method.Correlation analysis was also done among heavy metals in the soil and the leaves.Michaelis constants (Km) and maximal rates of substrate hydrolysis (Vmax) were determined from Lineweaver-Burke plot. Considerable amount of Pb and Fe 109 and \unitfrac[49.5]{mg}{ml} were found to accumulate in all the plants grown on contaminated soil, while other elements assessed were obtained in trace amounts. The order ofbioaccumulation   of   heavy   metals   were   Pb   $>$Fe   $>$Cu   $>$   Zn.   The   result   of   thecorrelation analysis  for Cu, Pb and Fe  showed positive relationships   among the heavy   metals  in   both  contaminated   and   uncontaminated  soils  while  Zn   showed negative correlation. The activity of the enzyme 30.0$\mu$mole/min was found to behigher   in   seeds   when   compared   with   other   samples.  The   enzyme   optimum  pHshowed   mixed   activity   due   to   iso"=enzymes.   The   optimum   temperature   600Cproduced   activity   of   10$\mu$mole/min.   Magnesium   chloride   (MgCl2)   increase   the activity 36.67$\mu$mole/min of enzyme more when compared with the other divalentcations\unitfrac[.]{Vmax}{Km}   ratios   indicate   how   the   enzyme   behaves   at   low   substrate concentration.   Total  sugar   content   was higher   in  seed  when   compared  to  other samples. The  results imply that plants   growing   in   the vicinity of land used for military activities may pose some negative effect on the alpha amylase activity and may affect the food chain. Therefore, there is urgent need for remediation strategies and management of the contaminated soils.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Copper, lead, zinc
\index[key]{Copper}
\index[key]{Lead}
\index[key]{Zinc}
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