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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Rhizospheric Interactions of Beneficial Bacteria with Root Exudates to Control \textit{Fusarium oxysporum} Causing Seedling Blight in Maize},pdfauthor={Muhammad Naveed, Naseem Akhtar, Muhammad Khalid},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Antifungal compounds, bacterial metabolites, disease resistance, Maize, root exudates, seedling blight},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Rhizospheric Interactions of Beneficial Bacteria with Root Exudates to Control \textit{Fusarium oxysporum} Causing Seedling Blight in Maize\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Muhammad Naveed, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Institute of Soil \& Environmental Sciences, 38040~Faisalabad, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mnaveeduaf@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Muhammad Naveed$^{1}$, Naseem Akhtar$^{2}$, Muhammad Khalid$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Institute of Soil \& Environmental Sciences, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Soil Biochemistry Section, Pakistan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Naveed, Muhammad}
\index[author]{Akhtar, Naseem}
\index[author]{Khalid, Muhammad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The significance of root exudates as belowground defense substances has long been under estimated, presumably due to being buried out of sight. For the profile of defense, root exudates are not only diverse in its composition but also strikingly dynamic. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and compost inhabiting bacteria (CIB) interact with plants to regulate root exudation. This interaction helps to control the plant diseases, using environment friendly approach. In the present study, PGPR (Mb4, Mb7) and CIB (Cb4 and Cb9) were tested against \textit{Fusarium oxysporum} with maize crop. Root exudates were collected, studied there effect on selected bacterial strains Mb4, Mb7, Cb4 and Cb9 and pathogen and analysed by HPLC for its chemical composition. Results indicated that conidial germination was significantly decreased by root exudates of diseased and inoculated treatments compared with the un"=diseased, while bacterial population enhanced in the presence of root exudates. The HPLC analysis of root exudates revealed that the composition of the root exudates, released by the inoculated plants in diseased environment differed not only from the un"=diseased plants but also from the diseased control (un"=inoculated). Salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, along with higher quantity of malliec acid and comparatively less amount of pyruvic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid was detected in root exudates of inoculated plants in diseased soil. The chlorogenic acid as well as caffeic acid was contestant for potentiating the enhanced resistance of the maize plants agianst \textit{Fusarium oxysporum}. The root exudates profile showed contribution in inhibiting causal organism of seedling blight. The selected strains were further analysed for metabolites phenazine production using LC-MS. Strains Mb7 and Cb9 produced 4 derivatives of phenazine as compared to other strains. These results help to better clarify the disease resistance mechanisms on the basis of plant"=microbe communication and guide to improve the strategies against \textit{Fusarium}"=mediated blight of maize plants.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Antifungal compounds, bacterial metabolites, disease resistance, Maize, root exudates, seedling blight
\index[key]{Antifungal compounds}
\index[key]{Bacterial metabolites}
\index[key]{Disease resistance}
\index[key]{Fusarium oxysporum@\textit{Fusarium oxysporum}}
\index[key]{Maize}
\index[key]{Root exudates}
\index[key]{Seedling blight}
\end{document}
