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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Ipm/ffs Courses: A Need Assessment Study among Orchardists},pdfauthor={Masoumeh Forouzani, Saeid Fazeli, Masoud Yazdanpanah, Abbas Abdeshahi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Borich need assessment model, iPM/FFS courses, Iran, Orchardists},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Ipm/ffs Courses: A Need Assessment Study among Orchardists\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Masoumeh Forouzani, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University (Khouzestan), Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Ramin, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{m.forouzani@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Masoumeh Forouzani$^{1}$, Saeid Fazeli$^{2}$, Masoud Yazdanpanah$^{3}$, Abbas Abdeshahi$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University (Khouzestan), Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan,  Agricultural Extension and Education, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University (Khouzestan), Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Agriculture Economic Department, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Forouzani, Masoumeh}
\index[author]{Fazeli, Saeid}
\index[author]{Yazdanpanah, Masoud}
\index[author]{Abdeshahi, Abbas}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Excessive and unbalanced use of chemical fertilisers in agriculture, along with the environmental degradation and subsequent negative impacts on human health has resulted in designing and implementing integrated pest management programme through farmers' field school approach. Since 2002, implementation of this programme has gained some priority on the agenda of Iran's extension services. Based on different nature of agricultural activities and also specific context of farming in each area, some fundamental questions arose regarding the educational needs of participants in IPM/FFS courses, which in turn need to be well addressed. In line with this, a need assessment survey was conducted to extract the educational needs of orchardists living in west part of Iran. To do this, Borich model was used. The study population consisted of all the grape and pomegranate growers participated in the IPM/FFS courses (N= 420). Based on the Morgan table, a sample of 201 individuals was selected through a simple random sampling manner. To collect data, a questionnaire was administered which its validity was proved by a panel of agricultural specialists and faculty members. Its reliability, also, was confirmed by calculating the alpha cronbach coefficient through a pilot study. Data analysis was performed using SSPSV20 software. Results indicated that ``the ability to recognise the best time to spray pest"=herbicides'', ``identifying the symptoms of plant diseases by direct observation and practical practices'', ``pre"=assessment of participants' information before launching the courses'' and ``acquisition the know"=how to use bio fertilisers and manures'' are the first four priorities of respondents' educational needs among a total of 49. Moreover, according to Borich model, the most important need was ``to be skillful in tree pruning''. The study concluded with the idea that most of the orchardists were aware of the need to conserve environment and use sound method and practice in their professional activities.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Borich need assessment model, iPM/FFS courses, Iran, Orchardists
\index[key]{Borich need assessment model}
\index[key]{IPM/FFS courses}
\index[key]{Iran}
\index[key]{Orchardists}
\end{document}
