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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Contribution of Urban Vegetable Production to Farmers' Livelihood in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana},pdfauthor={Solomon Kodjo Darkey, John Opata},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Livelihoods, production, respondents , urban vegetable farmers, urbanisation},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Contribution of Urban Vegetable Production to Farmers' Livelihood in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} John Opata, University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Crop Science, 70593~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{soldieroj@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Solomon Kodjo Darkey$^{1}$, John Opata$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Csir-crops Research Institute, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Crop Science, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Darkey, Solomon Kodjo}
\index[author]{Opata, John}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Vegetables are very important food crops in Ghana and provide livelihood for those who into the cultivation of it. Based  on this, a study was carried out to examined farmers' perceived effect of urban vegetable production on their livelihoods in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ashanti Region of Ghana. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Based on a simple random sampling technique, 300 urban vegetable farmers were selected and interviewed for the primary for a two month period. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.From the study, it was revealed that leafy vegetables (lettuce, cabbage and spring onions) were the most cultivated.  Lettuce had production area of \mbox{39.7\,ha} followed by Cabbage (\mbox{28.8\,ha}) and Spring onions (\mbox{27.6\,ha}).  French beans had the least (\mbox{0.4\,ha}) production area. The study also revealed that the vegetable industry was male dominated, majority of who were youth with basic level of education. The study again showed that majority of the vegetable producers were smallholder farmers cultivating on both private and government lands. The effect of vegetable production on farmers' livelihoods was perceived generally to be `low'. However, it impacted `moderately high' on their natural and physical capitals. Farmers' vegetable production and marketing challenges such as high input cost, inadequate credit facilities, fluctuating demand and low price offer affected the level of impact on their livelihoods. The results demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences among the mean livelihood assets of vegetable farmers. The formation of formal or informal farmer associations would provide the platform to address common challenges of high input cost, inadequate credit facilities and improve marketing avenues to improve farmers' incomes and livelihoods. The associations' functions should be diversified to include training on new innovations to increase productivity of members. Research-Extension-Farmer Linkage should be strengthened to enhance contacts with farmers and also update their knowledge and skill levels for improved productivity.     }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Livelihoods, production, respondents , urban vegetable farmers, urbanisation
\index[key]{Livelihoods}
\index[key]{Production}
\index[key]{Respondents }
\index[key]{Urban!vegetable farmers}
\index[key]{Urbanization}
\end{document}
