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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Identifying Cost"=effective Angr Conservation Strategies through the Use of Conservation Tenders: A Slovenian Case Study},pdfauthor={Danijela Bojkovski, Adam Drucker, Vijesh Krishna, Emil Erjavec, Luka Juvancic},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Ecosystem services, local breeds, opportunity costs, public goods},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Identifying Cost"=effective Angr Conservation Strategies through the Use of Conservation Tenders: A Slovenian Case Study\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Danijela Bojkovski, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department for Animal Science, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000~Ljubljana, Slovenia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{danijela.bojkovski@bf.uni-lj.si}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Danijela Bojkovski$^{1}$, Adam Drucker$^{2}$, Vijesh Krishna$^{3}$, Emil Erjavec$^{4}$, Luka Juvancic$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department for Animal Science, Slovenia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Bioversity International, Italy}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department for Animal Science, Slovenia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department for Animal Science, Slovenia}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Bojkovski, Danijela}
\index[author]{Drucker, Adam}
\index[author]{Krishna, Vijesh}
\index[author]{Erjavec, Emil}
\index[author]{Juvancic, Luka}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Indigenous livestock breeds may be associated with the generation of a range of public good ecosystem services. These non"=market values may be significant and unaccounted for in private decisions about breed choice leading to the maintenance of less than socially desirable levels of breed diversity. Under such circumstances and in the absence of appropriate incentives that permit livestock"=keepers to capture such values, livestock"=keepers will incur the costs of such ecosystem service provision, while many of the benefits are regional, national and even global. In recognition of this divergence between the private costs and public benefits of conserving biodiversity in general, the Convention on Biological Diversity has specifically recognised (Aichi Target \#3) the need for incentive mechanisms. 



While under national legislation and the EU's Rural Development Plans, European countries have such incentive mechanisms in place, given scare conservation resources, ensuring that such direct support is both adequate and cost"=effectiveness is crucial for the actual attainment of conservation goals.



Following a review of the conservation history, current threat status, conservation goals and strategy, including existing incentive mechanisms and support payments available for the maintenance of three critically endangered local sheep, goat and pig breeds in Slovenia, it is clear that, as in other parts of Europe, existing levels of support do not adequately compensate threatened breed livestock"=keepers for the opportunity costs of maintaining such breeds.







Through the innovative application of a Payments for Agrobiodiversity Conservation Services (PACS) competitive tender approach, to date only ever applied in developing countries and to crops rather than livestock, a stated preference survey of 300 livestock"=keepers has been carried out in order to assess livestock"=keepers true and differentiated opportunity costs of maintaining these critically endangered breeds. Such an approach allows for the identification of least"=cost conservation service providers and the estimation of total costs, with a view to implementing a cost"=effective and socially"=equitable conservation strategy capable of lifting the breeds above official threat thresholds. 







A description of the methods used and preliminary results of the survey data is presented, together with recommendations for future research and animal genetic resource (AnGR) conservation strategy development in Slovenia and beyond.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Ecosystem services, local breeds, opportunity costs, public goods
\index[key]{Ecosystem services}
\index[key]{Local!breeds}
\index[key]{Opportunity costs}
\index[key]{Public goods}
\end{document}
