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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Area Wide Farmer Participatory Biomanagement Strategies for Pest Suppression in Perennial Cropping System},pdfauthor={Chandrika Mohan, Anithakumari P., Josephrajkumar A.},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biomanagement, green muscardine fungus, rhinoceros beetle},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Area Wide Farmer Participatory Biomanagement Strategies for Pest Suppression in Perennial Cropping System\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Chandrika Mohan, ICAR - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Entomology, Reg. Station Krishnapuram Pot., 690533~Kayamkulam, India, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{cmcpcri@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Chandrika Mohan, Anithakumari P., Josephrajkumar A.}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{ICAR - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Entomology, India}}}
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\index[author]{Mohan, Chandrika}
\index[author]{P., Anithakumari}
\index[author]{A., Josephrajkumar}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
With the ever increasing awareness on the harmful effects of chemical pesticides and popularisation of organic farming, need for sustainable eco"=friendly pest management is stressed. This paper describes the farmer participatory approaches evolved for sustainable biomanagement of rhinoceros beetle covering \mbox{1500\,ha} in Kerala, India during the period 2012--2015. The major components of biocontrol of rhinoceros beetle viz., application of \textit{Metarhizium anisopliae}, in the pest breeding sites, field release of \textit{Oryctes rhinoceros nudi} virus, placement of pheromone traps and prophylactic treatment using botanical pesticides were popularised. 
Base line survey indicated non availability of biocontrol agents as the principal constraint for adoption of IPM. A simple, low cost, eco"=friendly production technology of \textit{M. anisopliae} was developed in semi"=cooked rice grains which formed a part of the capacity building programme. 
Marginal size of holdings being a major constraint in Kerala, the farmers were clustered through Farmer Field Schools, which is an ideal tool for imparting knowledge and skill on health management technologies. FFS were conducted in 14 groups with regular participation of 132 farm families. Overall trend in improvement of coconut palms in terms of rhinoceros beetle incidence, other pest and disease incidence, improvements in knowledge and adoption were recorded individually from all farmers. 
The average knowledge score on pest management among farmers attending FFS was 51.69 compared to 32.80 in case of non-FFS farmers. Leaf damage symptom by rhinoceros beetle indicated reduction (76 to \mbox{85\,\%}) over the pre"=treatment period and pest incidence on palms were reduced to \mbox{54.14\,\%} from the initial infestation level of \mbox{82.35\,\%} in a period of three years. Nut yield showed an increase of \mbox{13.1\,\%} nuts/palm/year which is an impact of the income improvement due to the interventions. Importance of fair agricultural practice like farm level enrichment of organic manure with \textit{Trichoderma harzianum}, basin management with cowpea, moisture conservation by mulching of palm basin during summer and farm hygiene was imparted to the farmers through FFS programme which in turn is the pre requisite for managing pests and diseases. This approach is viable and feasible for replication for pest management in other plantation/perennial crops. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biomanagement, green muscardine fungus, rhinoceros beetle
\index[key]{Biomanagement}
\index[key]{Green muscardine fungus}
\index[key]{Rhinoceros beetle}
\end{document}
