\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Fair Practices in Bioresource Management in Coconut Based Coastal Agro"=ecosystem: Successful Farm Level Examples from Kerala, India},pdfauthor={Kalavathi Santhakumari, Jeena Mathew, Merin Babu},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agro-ecosystem, bioresource, coastal, coconut, sandy soil},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Fair Practices in Bioresource Management in Coconut Based Coastal Agro"=ecosystem: Successful Farm Level Examples from Kerala, India\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kalavathi Santhakumari, ICAR-CPCRI, Agricultural Extension, CPCRI regional station, 690533~Kayamkulam, India, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kala_cpcri@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Kalavathi Santhakumari$^{1}$, Jeena Mathew$^{2}$, Merin Babu$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$ICAR-CPCRI, Agricultural Extension, India}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Soil Science, India}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Santhakumari, Kalavathi}
\index[author]{Mathew, Jeena}
\index[author]{Babu, Merin}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Sandy soils of the coastal tracts are characterised by their low organic matter content and poor water holding capacity, making farming less profitable. The use of crop wastes for mass multiplication of beneficial microbes is one of the important tools for sustainable production in sandy soil tracts. Locally available organic substrates were evaluated by Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Regional Station, Kayamkulam under field for the mass multiplication of \textit{Trichoderma harzianum} and the population in the substrates were estimated. Coir pith compost was found to be the most ideal medium with more than 85\,$\times$\,10\textsuperscript{6}\,cfu\,g\textsuperscript{-1} of substrate, followed by neem cake (47\,$\times$\,10\textsuperscript{6}\,cfu\,g\textsuperscript{-1} of substrate). Among combinations, coir pith compost + cowdung was found to be the best (184\,$\times$\,10\textsuperscript{6}\,cfu\,g\textsuperscript{-1} of substrate), followed by coir pith compost + neemcake (122\,$\times$\,10\textsuperscript{6}\,cfu\,g\textsuperscript{-1}) of substrate. Substrates like poultry manure and goat manure, which were mostly used by the farmer community were found to be not ideal, but in combination with cowdung, coir pith compost and Neem cake in lesser proportions were found to provide better multiplication. Based on the results, communities were sensitized on proper utilisation of the locally and abundantly available organic resources which are ideal for mass multiplication of beneficial microbes.



    Apart from the low fertility status of soil, dry spells during summer and periodic water logging during monsoon months makes year"=round cultivation a puzzle with nature mainly in the southern coastal tracts of Kerala, India, which necessitates site specific and timely refinements of the recommended technologies in a farmer participatory mode.  Successful examples of fair agricultural practices from field level studies viz., recycling of organic wastes for improving soil condition, climate resilient measures viz., identification of ideal crops, adaptations for moisture conservation, modified planting methods and planting time as efficient mechanisms for sustaining production in the tract are also discussed in the paper. Converging farmers' wisdom with site specific management practices including integrated nutrient management undertaken by CPCRI, Regional Station, Kayamkulam in three locations resulted in income enhancement to the tune of 1.82--3.25 folds than the pre"=project period.    



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agro-ecosystem, bioresource, coastal, coconut, sandy soil
\index[key]{Agro-Ecosystem}
\index[key]{Bioresource}
\index[key]{Coastal}
\index[key]{Coconut}
\index[key]{Sandy soil}
\end{document}
