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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Outscaling and Upscaling Innovations in Food Value Chains: Designing a Framework for Participatory Knowledge Exchange},pdfauthor={Frieder Graef, Stefan Sieber, Frederick C. Kahimba, Marcos Alberto Lana, Michelle Bonatti, Götz Uckert},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food security, outscaling, participatory research, smallholder farmers, upgrading strategy, upscaling},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Outscaling and Upscaling Innovations in Food Value Chains: Designing a Framework for Participatory Knowledge Exchange\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Frieder Graef, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Inst. for Land Use Systems, 15374~Müncheberg, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{graef@zalf.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Frieder Graef$^{1}$, Stefan Sieber$^{2}$, Frederick C. Kahimba$^{3}$, Marcos Alberto Lana$^{4}$, Michelle Bonatti$^{5}$, Götz Uckert$^{6}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Inst. for Land Use Systems, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Inst. of Socio-Economics, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Sokoine University of Agriculture, Dept. of Agric. Engin. \& Land Planning, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Land Use Systems, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Inst. of Socio-Economics, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Graef, Frieder}
\index[author]{Sieber, Stefan}
\index[author]{Kahimba, Frederick C.}
\index[author]{Lana, Marcos Alberto}
\index[author]{Bonatti, Michelle}
\index[author]{Uckert, Götz}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Trans-SEC is a large multi"=disciplinary research project, active since 2013 and working directly with 600 households in four case study villages in semi"=arid and sub"=humid Tanzanian regions. The aim of Trans-SEC project is to improve the food situation of the rural poor population within the two regions.



The backbone of the project is the participatory selection and implementation of 10 food securing upgrading strategies (UPS) along food value chains (FVC). In order to ensure long term sustainability, only UPS implemented for more than 1--2 years and positively evaluated by local stakeholders enter the outscaling and upscaling involving scientists, local extension officers and stakeholders at different scale levels. 







Methods: As a selection criterion and by Trans-SEC design, all UPS were selected to be scalable to other Tanzanian regions. Trans-SEC distinguishes between outscaling (within village and to other neighbouring villages) and upscaling (from village/ward to district regional up to national level institutions) activities. 



The methods used for Trans-SEC outscaling are based on participatory approaches. Activities such as UPS selection, testing, impact assessments, focus group discussions, interviews, monitoring, and farmer field days in and beyond villages and sub"=villages were conducted.



UPS upscaling involves another scale, requiring different tools such as farmer to farmer field days and farmers exchange visits across regions. Also, local results were systematized and translated into recommendations to support higher level policies, and guide the rural extension service.







Results: Emerging results enable Trans-SEC to start on outscaling those UPS that are most promising. First tangible results of UPS tests were available since 2015, while along 2016 all UPS will be covered, some of them for the first time. The outscaling and upscaling, in order to produce long lasting and effective outcomes, requires a framework of activities that integrates different a) UPS and their implementation stages; b) food security parameters monitored and their methods for data retrieval; c) stages and types of UPS testing knowledge gained; d) impact assessments on food security; e) outscaling and upscaling methodologies and their interaction; f) types of stakeholders and scientists. 



We present a framework for participatory knowledge outscaling and upscaling on food securing UPS.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food security, outscaling, participatory research, smallholder farmers, upgrading strategy, upscaling
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Outscaling}
\index[key]{Participatory!research}
\index[key]{Smallholder!farmers}
\index[key]{Upgrading strategy}
\index[key]{Upscaling}
\end{document}
