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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Farmers´ Involvement for Environmental Services Fair Use in a Complex Agroforestry Landscape in Costa Rica},pdfauthor={Pablo Martín-Ortega, Luis Gonzaga García-Montero, Isabel Gutiérrez, Feintrenie Laurène, Nicolas Pautrot, Leslie Maestro, Nicole Sibelet},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bundling, forest conservation, payments for environmental services, stakeholders participation, watershed management},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Farmers´ Involvement for Environmental Services Fair Use in a Complex Agroforestry Landscape in Costa Rica\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Pablo Martín-Ortega, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Dept. of Forest Engineering, Departamento de Operaciones Básicas E.t.s. Ingenieros de Montes Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) Ciudad Universitaria S/n, 28040~Madrid, Spain, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{marortpab@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Pablo Martín-Ortega$^{1}$, Luis Gonzaga García-Montero$^{2}$, Isabel Gutiérrez$^{3}$, Feintrenie Laurène$^{4}$, Nicolas Pautrot$^{5}$, Leslie Maestro$^{6}$, Nicole Sibelet$^{7}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Dept. of Forest Engineering, Spain}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Dept. of Forest Engineering, Forest and Environment Management, Spain}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$CATIE, Costa Rica}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$CIRAD - Central African Regional Office, Tropical Forest Goods and Ecosystem Service Research Unit, Cameroon}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$CATIE, IDEA, Costa Rica}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$CATIE, IDEA, Costa Rica}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{7}$CIRAD, Innovation, France}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Martín-Ortega, Pablo}
\index[author]{García-Montero, Luis Gonzaga}
\index[author]{Gutiérrez, Isabel}
\index[author]{Laurène, Feintrenie}
\index[author]{Pautrot, Nicolas}
\index[author]{Maestro, Leslie}
\index[author]{Sibelet, Nicole}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Climate patterns known as ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) have impacted strongly in the Mesoamerican agriculture. These climate fluctuations are threatening the rising demands of food of increasing urbanized areas and a sustainable use of the environmental services, particularly water during the dry period. Moreover, they create competence and overuse of resources among farmers.







In Costa Rica, the steep slopes of Irazú volcano, have been historically subjected to both agriculture and livestock farming. They currently provide up to \mbox{75\,\%} of the country's local consumption of vegetables. This formerly tropical montane cloud forest area is an interesting case of landscape transformation due to recent fertile volcanic soils, a wide variety of crops related with the elevation gradient and the close vicinity of two big cities, San José (country's capital) and Cartago.







However, the land use intensification has contributed to the deterioration of the country's most important basin (Reventazón). The results of the overuse and bad practices are high rates of soil erosion, water pollution due to intense use of agrochemicals and water scarcity due to a poor management of water in the area. 







The current national programme of payments for environmental services (PES) in Costa Rica is essentially oriented to reward the environmental services (ES) provided by trees or forests mainly by their conservation or plantation. However, in the study area, few lands have been included in the programme in the last ten years, quite the opposite, forest loss has continued to grow to a total of 155 Ha in that period. Ideally, following the term additionality, we should expect that programs rewarding with PES, should be able to target areas under a strong demand of ES. 







The aim of this research is to contribute to a fair use of ES; first, by targeting and prioritising the areas creating bundles of ES and second, by involving stakeholders to understand their socioeconomic conditions and to evaluate their participation in innovative PES schemes within their possibilities and limitations.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bundling, forest conservation, payments for environmental services, stakeholders participation, watershed management
\index[key]{Bundling}
\index[key]{Forest!conservation}
\index[key]{Payments for environmental services}
\index[key]{Stakeholders participation}
\index[key]{Watershed management}
\end{document}
