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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Variety and Location on Fodder Quality in Local and Improved Dual Purpose Sorghum and Cowpea Cultivars in Mali},pdfauthor={Sapna Jarial, Hamidou Nantoumé, Michael Blümmel, KVSV Prasad, Ravi D, Birhanu Zemadim, Ramadjita Tabo, Anthony Whitbread, Augustine Ayantunde},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cowpea, fodder quality, improved variety, local variety, sorghum},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Variety and Location on Fodder Quality in Local and Improved Dual Purpose Sorghum and Cowpea Cultivars in Mali\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sapna Jarial, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Icrisat Sahelian Centre, 12404~Niamey, Niger, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sapnajarial@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sapna Jarial$^{1}$, Hamidou Nantoumé$^{2}$, Michael Blümmel$^{3}$, KVSV Prasad$^{4}$, Ravi D$^{4}$, Birhanu Zemadim$^{5}$, Ramadjita Tabo$^{5}$, Anthony Whitbread$^{6}$, Augustine Ayantunde$^{7}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Niger}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Institut d'Economie Rurale (IER), Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (Sotuba), Mali}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), ASSP, Ethiopia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), India}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Mali}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{7}$International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Burkina Faso}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Jarial, Sapna}
\index[author]{Nantoumé, Hamidou}
\index[author]{Blümmel, Michael}
\index[author]{Prasad, KVSV}
\index[author]{D, Ravi}
\index[author]{Zemadim, Birhanu}
\index[author]{Tabo, Ramadjita}
\index[author]{Whitbread, Anthony}
\index[author]{Ayantunde, Augustine}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
To apprehend the comparative performance of local and improved varieties of dual purpose sorghum and cowpea, participatory farmers trials were conducted in two villages of Bougouni, Mali. The treatments were: T1: farmer control (sorghum), T2: Improved dual purpose sorghum; T3: Farmer control cowpea and T4: Improved variety of cowpea. A randomized block design was used with farmers serving as replications. Agronomic data such as date of sowing, days to maturity, days to 50 \% flowering, panicle weight and fodder yield were collected during the 2015 cropping season. Crop samples were collected and analyzed for fodder quality traits using a combination of wet lab chemistry and near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique for nitrogen (N), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), metabolisbable energy (ME) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Data were analysed using ANOVA. Results from farmers participatory trials showed that local sorghum \textit{Gnodjonani} had significantly ($p<0.05$) higher fodder yield and superior fodder quality traits than the improved dual purpose variety \textit{Fadda}. The improved cowpea variety had significantly ($p<0.05$) inferior fodder quality traits and insignificantly higher fodder yield compared to the local cultivar. Dual purpose \textit{Fadda} needed significantly ($p<0.05$) less days to maturity (115$<$138.8), less days to 50\,\% flowering (80.77$<$93.92) and had higher panicle weight (33 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2}$>$29.5 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2}) than \textit{Gnodjonani} which however had ($p<0.05$) the higher fodder yield (81.5 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2} $>$71.7 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2}). In Dieba village, \textit{Fadda} had significantly longer panicle length (25.32 cm$>$24.58) than local. Local sorghum variety had significantly higher fodder quality traits in village Flola for ME (7.1$>$6.6) at ($p<0.0075$), and IVOMD (46.98$>$43.26) at ($p<0.0016$) than \textit{Fadda}. Local sorghum variety had significantly ($p<0.0006$) less ADL (6.5$<$7.11) than \textit{Fadda}. In cowpea \textit{Kadochoni} was local variety and \textit{Dounanfana} as introduced improved forage variety. \textit{Dounanfana} had higher forage yields in both villages Dieba (139 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2}$>$104.55 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2}) and Flola (96.90 g\,m\textsuperscript{-2} $>$89.59\,g\,m\textsuperscript{-2}). \textit{Kadochoni} was early maturing (110$<$128 days) than improved. Local cowpea variety in village Flola had significantly ($p<0.05$) higher fodder quality traits ($p<0.05$) for ME (9.08$>$8.5) and IVOMD (62.8$>$59.6) than improved cowpea. Findings suggest more delving is required for dual purpose traits such as stover and haulm fodder quantity and quality into crop improvement.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cowpea, fodder quality, improved variety, local variety, sorghum
\index[key]{Cowpea}
\index[key]{Fodder quality}
\index[key]{Sorghum}
\index[key]{Sorghum!local variety}
\index[key]{Cowpea!improved variety}
\end{document}
