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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Fermented Banana Peel Production for Indigenous Pig Feed Raising in a Semi"=bio System},pdfauthor={Wandee Tartrakoon, Rangsun Charoensook, Tinnagon Tartrakoon},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Banana peel, fermentation, indigenous pigs, nutrients, productivity},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Fermented Banana Peel Production for Indigenous Pig Feed Raising in a Semi"=bio System\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Wandee Tartrakoon, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, Agricultural Science, Naresuan University, 65000~Phitsanolok, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{wandeeta@nu.ac.th}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Wandee Tartrakoon$^{1}$, Rangsun Charoensook$^{2}$, Tinnagon Tartrakoon$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, Agricultural Science, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Animal Science and Fishery Technology, }}}
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\index[author]{Tartrakoon, Wandee}
\index[author]{Charoensook, Rangsun}
\index[author]{Tartrakoon, Tinnagon}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Bananas are one of the principal food resources of tropical"=dwelling populations. While most fruit peels and residues are disposed of as waste, the nutrient content of banana peels could serve as a potential source of valuable carbohydrates for Thailand's animals. This study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of fermented banana peel, and the effect that a feed diet supplemented with fermented banana peel (FBP), fresh vegetable waste (V), and fermented vegetable waste (FV) might have on indigenous Thai pigs. Thirty"=six indigenous pigs were separated into six groups and were raised in 2.5 $\times$ \mbox{6\,m}  pens using deep litter under a semi"=bio system. Each group of pigs was randomly fed a diet amounting to \mbox{3\,\%} of the average body weight of concentrate feed supplemented ad libitum with V, FV, or FBP, respectively, for 12 weeks. The banana peels were sliced into 2--\mbox{3\,cm} pieces, mixed with molasses and salt at the ratio of 100:4:1, and incubated in a closed container. The highest levels of crude protein, ash, and gross energy ($p < 0.01$) during 28 days of incubation in a closed container were found at a constant approximate reading of 30°C, with a pH of 4.0--4.5. The results of pig performance during the first four weeks of the experiment showed no significant difference in average daily gain (ADG) between the pigs fed V and FV or in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the pigs fed FV and FBP. Weeks 4 through 8 of the experimental period revealed no significant difference in either ADG or FCR between the pigs fed V and FV. However, the pigs fed a diet supplemented with FBP had the highest ($p < 0.05$) levels of weight gain and ADG during weeks 1--4 and 4--8 of the experimental period, and the best levels ($p < 0.05$) of FCR and lowest feed costs during weeks 4--8. In conclusion, a 28-day incubation period in a closed container held at 30°C and a pH of 4.0--4.5 are strong parameters for FBP preparation. As such, FBP could be an effective source of nutrients for concentrate supplementation in indigenous pigs raised in a semi"=bio system. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Banana peel, fermentation, indigenous pigs, nutrients, productivity
\index[key]{Banana peel}
\index[key]{Fermentation}
\index[key]{Indigenous!pigs}
\index[key]{Nutrients}
\index[key]{Productivity}
\end{document}
