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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Using Artificial Soil Sediment Mixtures for Calibrating Fingerprinting Techniques at Catchment Scale},pdfauthor={Romina Torres Astorga, Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos, Osvaldo A. Martin, Lionel Mabit, Ricardo Hugo Velasco, Gerd Dercon},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Artificial mixture, EDXRF, sediment fingerprinting, soil erosion},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Using Artificial Soil Sediment Mixtures for Calibrating Fingerprinting Techniques at Catchment Scale\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Romina Torres Astorga, National University of San Luis, Inst. of Applied Mathematics San Luis (IMASL), Ejercito de los Andes 950, 5700~San Luis, Argentina, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rommi8@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Romina Torres Astorga$^{1}$, Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos$^{2}$, Osvaldo A. Martin$^{1}$, Lionel Mabit$^{3}$, Ricardo Hugo Velasco$^{1}$, Gerd Dercon$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$National University of San Luis, Inst. of Applied Mathematics San Luis (IMASL), Argentina}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$CONACYT Research Fellow - Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Austria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Torres Astorga, Romina}
\index[author]{de los Santos-Villalobos, Sergio}
\index[author]{Martin, Osvaldo A.}
\index[author]{Mabit, Lionel}
\index[author]{Velasco, Ricardo Hugo}
\index[author]{Dercon, Gerd}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Soil erosion and related sediment transportation and deposition are key environmental problems in Central Argentina. Certain land use practices, such as intensive grazing, are considered in particularly harmful and effective in causing erosion and sediment mobilisation. 



In our studied catchment, Sub Catchment Estancia Grande (630 hectares), 23 km north east from San Luis, characterised by erosive loess soils (Entic Haplustolls, National Agricultural Technology Institute Soil map of Argentina, 1998) we tested sediment source fingerprinting techniques to identify critical hot spots of land degradation, based on the concentration of 43 elements determined by Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). 



To validate the used fingerprinting techniques, we created artificial mixtures using the most representative sediment sources of the studied catchment. The artificial mixtures were also measured as regular samples by EDXRF. Using known proportions of these sources in the mixture, we tested which algorithms and  measured elements would allow reestablishing the source sediment proportion of the artificial mixture. The following elements: Ca, Fe, Na, P and V were identified as most effective fingerprints for our studied catchment. These fingerprints could be linked mainly to land management practice, such as cattle grazing and feedlot cattle, but as well to geomorphological units in the landscape such as gullies. 



These preliminary results presented will contribute to a much wider research project including additional fingerprinting approaches such as Compound Specific Stable Isotopes Analysis (CSSI) and Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (MIRS), in addition to soil erosion quantification techniques through the use of Fallout Radionuclides (FRN) and Environmental Radionuclides (ERN).}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Artificial mixture, EDXRF, sediment fingerprinting, soil erosion
\index[key]{Artificial mixture}
\index[key]{EDXRF}
\index[key]{Sediment fingerprinting}
\index[key]{Soil!erosion}
\end{document}
