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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Casein Haplotype Structure in Sudanese Indigenous Cattle Breeds},pdfauthor={Ammar Said Ahmed, Siham Rahmatalla, Monika Reissmann, Gudrun A. Brockmann},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bos indicus, casein haplotype, cattle, Sudan },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Casein Haplotype Structure in Sudanese Indigenous Cattle Breeds\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ammar Said Ahmed, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{saidahma@hu-berlin.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ammar Said Ahmed$^{1}$, Siham Rahmatalla$^{2}$, Monika Reissmann$^{3}$, Gudrun A. Brockmann$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Khartoum, Dept. of Dairy Production, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (ADTI), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Said Ahmed, Ammar}
\index[author]{Rahmatalla, Siham}
\index[author]{Reissmann, Monika}
\index[author]{Brockmann, Gudrun A.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Conservation of local breeds is essential for the maintenance of genetic diversity adapted to various environmental conditions. For conservation strategies, it would be desirable to control also the diversity of milk protein genetic variants. A particular interest for the maintenance of milk protein variants comes from the nutritional value of different milk protein variants for human health. The aim of this work was to investigate the genetic structure of the casein gene cluster in five Sudanese dairy cattle breeds and to evaluate the haplotype variability within and among populations. 



In total 217 individual blood samples were collected from five Sudanese cattle breeds (Butana = 49, Kenana = 46, White Nile = 49, Elgash = 38 and Erashy = 35) and genotyped at $\alpha$s1-casein (CSN1S1), $\beta$-casein (CSN$_{2}$), $\alpha$s2-casein (CSN1S2) and \&\#954;-casein (CSN3) genes using allele"=specific PCR assays. Haplotypes at the casein gene cluster were derived using 15 genetic variants. Casein haplotype frequencies were estimated for each breed and distance matrix was generated and the relationship among cattle breeds was visualised in a phylogenetic tree.



In total 56 haplotypes showed frequencies higher than 0.01. Great variability was found among Sudanese breeds, regarding haplotype occurrence and frequency. The number of haplotypes ranged from 17 in Kenana to 37 in Elgash. Nine haplotypes were observed in all breeds with remarkably different frequencies. Cluster analysis clearly showed differences between studied breeds.



This result is also in agreement with previous studies, which reported a high number of haplotypes in \textit{Bos indicus} breeds. The information on the haplotype variability in the studied breeds could be used in breeding programs aimed at preserving biodiversity or selecting animals for specific protein production and cheese"=making. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Bos indicus}, casein haplotype, cattle, Sudan 
\index[key]{Bos indicus@\textit{Bos indicus}}
\index[key]{Casein haplotype}
\index[key]{Cattle}
\index[key]{Sudan }
\end{document}
