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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Qualitative Assesment of \textit{Portulaca oleracea} under Water Deficit Stress, Different Nutritional Systems and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis},pdfauthor={Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hadi, Ghalavand Amir, Mashhadi Akbar Boojar Masood, Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Fatty acids, manure, mycorrhizal fungus, purslane, water deficit stress},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Qualitative Assesment of \textit{Portulaca oleracea} under Water Deficit Stress, Different Nutritional Systems and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hadi, Tarbiat Modares University, Dept. of Agronomy, Jalal-Al-Ahmad, 1411713116~Ttehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{m-hosseinzadeh@modares.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hadi$^{1}$, Ghalavand Amir$^{1}$, Mashhadi Akbar Boojar Masood$^{2}$, Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy$^{1}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Dept. of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Kharazmi University, Dept. of Biology Science, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Mohammad Hadi, Hosseinzadeh}
\index[author]{Amir, Ghalavand}
\index[author]{Masood, Mashhadi Akbar Boojar}
\index[author]{Modarres-Sanavy, Seyed Ali Mohammad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Medicinal plants have many different uses in various fields of medical, industry, agriculture and food. Nutrients are a vital part of sustainable agriculture that must be available for the optimal plant growth in appropriate amounts and at the right time. The combined use of chemical, organic and biological fertilisers improves soil physical and chemical conditions. 
Purslane (\textit{Portulaca oleracea} L.) is listed by the World Health Organisation as one of the most used medicinal plants and termed a ``global panacea''. Purslane leaves are a rich source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which prevents heart attacks and strengthens the immune system. A field experiment was conducted during 2015 using a factorial split in a randomised complete block design with three replications in order to evaluate the effects of different nutritional systems and mycorrhizal symbiosis under water deficit stress on qualitative characteristics of Purslane. Factors include two water deficit stress: S1: with no stress: irrigation at \mbox{70\,\%} of FC and S2: stress: irrigation at \mbox{50\,\%} of FC after the establishment of the plant and two treatments of mycorrhizal fungus (\textit{Glomus intraradices}) including: M1 no inoculated and M2 inoculated, as main plots. The subplots consisted of six fertilisation treatments which were a combination of a mixture of manure (sheep and chicken) and nitrogen chemical fertilisers. F1 with no manure and no nitrogen fertiliser, F2 with \mbox{100\,\%} manure and no nitrogen fertiliser, F3 with \mbox{75\,\%} manure and \mbox{25\,\%} nitrogen fertilisers, F4 with \mbox{50\,\%} manure and \mbox{50\,\%} nitrogen fertilisers, F5 with \mbox{25\,\%} manure and \mbox{75\,\%} nitrogen fertilisers, F6 with no manure and \mbox{100\,\%} nitrogen fertilisers. Results showed that treatments with mycorrhizal fungi + \mbox{25\,\%} manure and \mbox{75\,\%} nitrogen fertiliser, increased linoleic acid, linolenic acid, total antioxidant capacity, phosphorus and nitrogen in the leaves and water deficit stress decreased these. Impacts of water deficit stress (S2) on malondialdehyde and proline were increased by treatment F1 (no manure and no nitrogen fertiliser), and S2 increased also mucilage in leaves.
}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Fatty acids, manure, mycorrhizal fungus, purslane, water deficit stress
\index[key]{Fatty acids}
\index[key]{Manure}
\index[key]{Mycorrhizal fungus}
\index[key]{Purslane}
\index[key]{Water!deficit stress}
\end{document}
