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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Identifying Barriers to Development of Urban in Zanjan Province, Iran},pdfauthor={Jafar Yaghoubi, Kolsom Hamidi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Land, sustainable development, urban agriculture, water, Zanjan},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Identifying Barriers to Development of Urban in Zanjan Province, Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Jafar Yaghoubi, University of Zanjan, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development , 4537138111~Zanjan, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{yaghobi@znu.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Jafar Yaghoubi$^{1}$, Kolsom Hamidi$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Zanjan, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development , Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Zanjan, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, }}}
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\index[author]{Yaghoubi, Jafar}
\index[author]{Hamidi, Kolsom}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Agriculture is the foundation of human development in urban and rural communities. But in the last century, the growth of urban population, rural population decline and the loss of agricultural lands has caused many problems in these communities. Urban sustainability is the major fields of sustainable development. The urban agriculture as a new form of agricultural activity in and around cities can be a powerful tool to achieve sustainable patterns of urban life. Contribute to poverty reduction, food security and environmental sustainability are roles that urban agriculture can plays in achieving development goals. The purpose of this study was to Identifying factors inhibiting the development of agricultural activities in the city and around it. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. Data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre"=test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.91). Agricultural extension experts in Zanjan province formed the population of this study and 91 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. The results showed that the most important obstacles to the development of urban agriculture in order of importance, from the perspective of agricultural extension experts are: Lack of space and suitable land, lack of knowledge and expertise in citizen science in the field of agriculture, lack of awareness of citizens about the benefits and potentials of urban agriculture, gardens tend to be flat and removal of houses, lack of proper infrastructure architecture, increase the consumption of municipal drinking water and lack of educational radio and television programs tailored to the needs of citizens in the field of agriculture.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Land, sustainable development, urban agriculture, water, Zanjan
\index[key]{Land}
\index[key]{Sustainable!development}
\index[key]{Urban!agriculture}
\index[key]{Water}
\index[key]{Zanjan}
\end{document}
