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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Does Water Fetching and Firewood Collection Affects Rural Non"=agricultural Employment of Ethiopia?},pdfauthor={Abdulaziz Abdulsemed Mosa, Harald Grethe, Khalid Siddig},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Firewood collection, non-agriultural employment, water fetching},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Does Water Fetching and Firewood Collection Affects Rural Non"=agricultural Employment of Ethiopia?\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Abdulaziz Abdulsemed Mosa, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Policy and Markets, 70593~Stutgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{Abdulaziz.Mosa@uni-hohenheim.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Abdulaziz Abdulsemed Mosa$^{1}$, Harald Grethe$^{2}$, Khalid Siddig$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Policy and Markets, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, International Agricultural Trade and Development, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Mosa, Abdulaziz Abdulsemed}
\index[author]{Grethe, Harald}
\index[author]{Siddig, Khalid}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Water fetching and firewood collection activities are among home activities which are part of the daily routine of many households in rural Ethiopia. The majority of Ethiopian households have no access to drinking water and energy infrastructure. Hence, households travel long distances and spend large amounts of time every day to collect water and firewood. Furthermore, water fetchers and firewood collectors are usually agricultural and non"=agricultural laborers in Ethiopia. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of water fetching and firewood collection on non"=agricultural participation of rural households of Ethiopia. The main dataset for this study is sourced from Ethiopian rural socio"=economic survey (ERSS). ERSS was conducted in 2011--2012 by Ethiopian central statistical agency (CSA) in collaboration with the World Bank. The survey covers 3,969 households living in rural and small towns of the country. All regions of Ethiopia are covered by this survey and hence these sampled household are representative to the rural and small town of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and bivariate probit econometrics model is applied to ERSS for the purpose of this study.



The study find out that rural household of Ethiopia allocated large amount of labour hours for water fetching and fire wood collection activities. Labor hours spend for these activities is widely varies across different agro"=ecological region of Ethiopia. Our finding shows that rural household of Ethiopia devotes their labour time in varieties of economic activities including agricultural activity, non"=agricultural activity, water fetching, firewood collection and other activities (temporary work, work for wage and unpaid work). The study also find out that labour spend for water fetching and firewood collection activity is negatively and significantly affects non"=agricultural employment. Households who spend larger labour hours for water fetching and firewood collection have less probability to diversify into non"=agricultural activities.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Firewood collection, non"=agriultural employment, water fetching
\index[key]{Firewood collection}
\index[key]{Non"=agriultural employment}
\index[key]{Water!fetching}
\end{document}
