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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Conceptualising Access in Community"=based Wildlife Management, Tanzania},pdfauthor={Francis Moyo, Sharissa Funk},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Access, cNWM, development, elite capture, Tanzania},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Conceptualising Access in Community"=based Wildlife Management, Tanzania\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Francis Moyo, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, St Petersburg Str 21 0716, 01069~Dreseden, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{francis.moyo@daad-alumni.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Francis Moyo$^{1}$, Sharissa Funk$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics, }}}
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\index[author]{Moyo, Francis}
\index[author]{Funk, Sharissa}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This paper examines the social and economic impacts of changes in rural peoples' access to land and natural resources in community"=based wildlife management (CBWM) in Tanzania. CBWM are proliferated as a new paradigm in the conservation"=development nexus, promising to both foster conservation of wildlife and enhance rural peoples' development. Through access theory lenses, however, we show that CBWM promise is far from reality. Conservationists' way of thinking and doing, remains deeply rooted in the notion that, success hinges on eliminating rural people from the ecosystems targeted for conservation. This leads to repeated misjudgments in policy formulation, project design and implementation, specifically, curtailing access rights and spread of misleading, and mostly overstated, information about rural peoples' benefits potentials. CBWM approaches thus lure rural people to give up their development opportunities based on false hopes of increased access to natural resources and income potentials. CBWM projects design and implementation processes concentrate key licit benefits to the state and few elites while the majority of rural people who bears the cost of conservation, such as wildlife nuisances and the forgone development opportunities, rely on illicit access mechanisms. The inefficiency of CBWM to equitably and democratically distribute benefits erodes rural peoples' trust and willingness to support conservation. This leads to an emergence of a violent wave of protest and struggles against conservation, to levels previously, unimaginable, in areas where rural people `harmoniously co"=existed' with wildlife. We argue, therefore, that, in order to benefit rural people, CBWM must understand and take serious their needs and address them not only as a `social add"=on' but at their very core. In doing so, CBWM can be considered as a new paradigm in the conservation"=development nexus.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Access, cNWM, development, elite capture, Tanzania
\index[key]{Access}
\index[key]{CNWM}
\index[key]{Development}
\index[key]{Elite capture}
\index[key]{Tanzania}
\end{document}
