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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Education and Age as Determining Factors in Crop Production of Rural China},pdfauthor={Ling Yee Khor},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Education, farm household, rural China},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Education and Age as Determining Factors in Crop Production of Rural China\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ling Yee Khor, University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Wollgrasweg 43, 70599~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lykhor@uni-hohenheim.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ling Yee Khor}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Khor, Ling Yee}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Formal education is an important factor in raising labour productivity. In agriculture, it enables farmers to access information on the latest technology or any new development on crop management practices. However, year of education does not always turn out to be a significant factor in regression analysis of crop production. This study examines the impact of formal education on crop output. It is based on the panel data collected by the Chinese Research Center of Rural Economy on household characteristics and crop production in the Hebei province of China, for the period of 2004 to 2008, with a total of more than 1,500 observations. The research focuses on one crop, maize, which is the main grain crop grown in the region. This allows for the comparison of crop output between different farm households. The sample consists of rural farm households in the province. They have small agricultural land, with an average of 0.3 hectare per household in maize production, and rely mainly on household labour. As such, the age of household heads can also be viewed as a proxy for farming experience, as they start working in the farm since young. The analysis is carried out in more detail by examining whether the effect of formal education is the same across household heads of different ages. Results show that the impact of formal education on maize output is statistically insignificant for most farmers. However, the effect is significant and negative for those in the youngest group. A possible explanation for this outcome is that more time spent in education attainment could also indicate less time spent in the field, and thus the group consists of farmers who are less experienced in the field. The marginal effect of age on crop output is insignificant except for farmers with the highest education levels. In conclusion, formal education in the research region helps to enhance the positive effect of farming experience (as measured by age) but could also have a negative effect on output for farmers in the youngest group.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Education, farm household, rural China
\index[key]{Education}
\index[key]{Farm!household}
\index[key]{Rural!China}
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