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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Challenges of Tropical Mass Movements and Land Cover: Case of Mumirwa Natural Region in Burundi},pdfauthor={Pascal Nkurunziza, Louis Nahimana},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Erosion, flood, gully, houses, infrastructure, land cover, landslides, mass movements, mitigation, physical land planning, runoff, rural settlement, soil loss, watersheds, weathering},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Challenges of Tropical Mass Movements and Land Cover: Case of Mumirwa Natural Region in Burundi\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Pascal Nkurunziza, University of Burundi, B.P. 5616 Kinindo, Bujumbura, Burundi, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{nkurupas2003@yahoo.fr}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Pascal Nkurunziza$^{1}$, Louis Nahimana$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Burundi, Burundi}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Burundi, }}}
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\index[author]{Nkurunziza, Pascal}
\index[author]{Nahimana, Louis}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The Mumirwa is a very rugged natural region in Burundi. Moreover, with abundant rainfall of over \unitfrac[1300]{mm}{year}, the later is subject to a strong weathering which contributes to the rapid formation of arable soils. However, considering its geomorphology and uncontrolled land cover, the Mumirwa knows very important mass movements (landslides, erosion, gully) which affect not only the geo"=morphologic profile but especially causes high losses in agricultural land.



Another phenomenon to be added is the threats on infrastructures such as housing, roads, hydraulic hoses due to those mass movements. There is also frequent flooding related to the non protection of river banks and watersheds.



The uncontrolled land cover and inefficient agricultural practices contribute to dramatic erosion which affect the food production and so conduct to poverty of the population who depends at \mbox{90\,\%} from agriculture. To mention is also the decreasing of the spring water due to the decreasing of vegetal cover which produce a high runoff and erosion. The later induces a high turbidity of the rivers that flow in the Lake Tanganyika and bring to a high sedimentation's rate. 



Therefore, a major challenge remains between the threats of mass movements and inefficient land cover on the one hand, the local people and State's capacity to protect and conserve soils and infra"=structures on the second hand.



For the mitigation of such threats, a better policy and legal framework related to a better planning of the physical rural settlement, a better watersheds management in order to reduce the runoff, erosion and mass movements which are the main factors in destroying of cultures and soils loss, houses and other infrastructures must be put in place. However, the later has to take into account the suggestions of different categories of the local community for its sustainability.  



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Erosion, flood, gully, houses, infrastructure, land cover, landslides, mass movements, mitigation, physical land planning, runoff, rural settlement, soil loss, watersheds, weathering
\index[key]{Erosion}
\index[key]{Flood}
\index[key]{Gully}
\index[key]{Houses}
\index[key]{Infrastructure}
\index[key]{Land!cover}
\index[key]{Landslides}
\index[key]{Mass movements}
\index[key]{Mitigation}
\index[key]{Physical land planning}
\index[key]{Runoff}
\index[key]{Rural!settlement}
\index[key]{Soil!loss}
\index[key]{Watersheds}
\index[key]{Weathering}
\end{document}
