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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Seed Quality Testing in Soybean (\textit{Glycine max})},pdfauthor={Beatrice Tobisch, Bryan Dix, Klaus-Peter Wilbois},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Germination, germination Test, Glycine max, Seed quality, Seed quality test, soaktest, soybean},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Seed Quality Testing in Soybean (\textit{Glycine max})\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Beatrice Tobisch, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Chair of Organic Agriculture, Giessen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{beatrice.tobisch@gmx.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Beatrice Tobisch$^{1}$, Bryan Dix$^{1}$, Klaus-Peter Wilbois$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Chair of Organic Agriculture, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Tobisch, Beatrice}
\index[author]{Dix, Bryan}
\index[author]{Wilbois, Klaus-Peter}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Soybean is a high quality protein source for humans and livestock. It is spread throughout the world, especially in South America but also in China and India. High seed quality is indispensable for the success of crop establishment, but also for scientific experiments. Therefore different methods were used to examine the seed quality of soybeans in 2015. All tests were done with 5 different varieties and same lots. Storage was under room temperature and -humidity. 



Germination test on paper was done according to ISTA. For reasons of practicability the method between paper was elected. In July closed petri dishes with filter paper discs were used. At the same time germination tests in small pots with sand/soil mixture were set up. In November plastic packing trays with cover and pleated paper was used, here fungal infestation was counted. The soaktest for soybean, done in July showed the level of seeds with damaged seed coat.



The germination rate on paper varied from 56.5 to \mbox{92.5\,\%}, in sand/soil mixture from 58.3 to \mbox{91.7\,\%}. But with strong differences between sand/soil and paper within one variety. The fungal infection varied from 0 up to \mbox{24.5\,\%} infected seeds, while the soaktest gave results from 6 to \mbox{21.3\,\%} damaged seeds.



The variety which had the lowest number of damaged seeds did not decline in germination after 4 month of storage, while germination in all other varieties (which had more than \mbox{10\,\%} damaged seeds) declined. Thus the soaktest can be considered a useful tool to evaluate shelf life of soybean in an easy and cheap way, practicable by farmers.



The results of some varieties differ between paper and sand/soil experiments, which can be explained by fungal infection. It is assumed that the infection started from seedcoats which remained on seedlings on paper but usually remained within the sand/soil"=mixture. Also other authors described differences in germination test done on paper compared to sand. For realistic germination test results sand instead of paper should be used as substrate.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Germination, germination test, \textit{Glycine max}, seed quality, seed quality test, soaktest, soybean
\index[key]{Germination}
\index[key]{Germination!test}
\index[key]{Glycine max@\textit{Glycine max}}
\index[key]{Seed!quality}
\index[key]{Seed!quality!test}
\index[key]{Soaktest}
\index[key]{Soybean}
\end{document}
