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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Beyond the Weather: Rethinking Adaptive Capacity Towards Climate Change among Farmers in Kenya},pdfauthor={Daniel Pedersen, Henriette Hillerup Larsen, Lucia Carla Vogel, Tescha Rachel Alexandrovitsch, Lise Kuszcz Petersen},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adaptive capacity, agency, climate change, crop-livestock system, Principal Component Analysis, small-scale farmers, transfer of information, weather hazards},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Beyond the Weather: Rethinking Adaptive Capacity Towards Climate Change among Farmers in Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Daniel Pedersen, University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Margretheholmsvej 34, 5.th, 1432~København K, Denmark, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{tlf511@alumni.ku.dk}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Daniel Pedersen$^{1}$, Henriette Hillerup Larsen$^{2}$, Lucia Carla Vogel$^{3}$, Tescha Rachel Alexandrovitsch$^{4}$, Lise Kuszcz Petersen$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Denmark}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Denmark}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Copenhagen, Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Denmark}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Copenhagen, Department of Anthropology, Denmark}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Copenhagen, Department of Anthropology, Denmark}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Pedersen, Daniel}
\index[author]{Larsen, Henriette Hillerup}
\index[author]{Vogel, Lucia Carla}
\index[author]{Alexandrovitsch, Tescha Rachel}
\index[author]{Petersen, Lise Kuszcz}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Africa is often presented as the continent most vulnerable to climate change, yet we know fairly little about current adaptive measures at local farm levels and how these efforts might relate to global regimes of prediction and national institutions of weather forecasting. More specifically, Eastern Africa is exposed to climate change subject to increasing frequency of weather hazards and rainfall variability where, in some areas, precipitation no longer follows the patterns of the long and short rains. Based on a recent interdisciplinary fieldwork in the Central Highlands of Kenya, this study investigates the adaptive capacity of farmers and factors limiting it. We argue that small"=scale farmers are not particularly vulnerable to the current effects of climate change, as we found an extended repertoire of autonomous adaptive measures, from terraces and seed selection to income diversification. However, we find substantial differences among farmers that impede less resourceful farmers' adaptive capacity. To further qualify this argument we offer a Principal Component Analysis, which categorises different adaptive capabilities among farmers, largely shaped by socio"=economic factors, such as income and land size. We find that local and regional authorities working with agricultural practices and weather advisories do not take these factors into account. Further, less resourceful farmers are specifically vulnerable to the communicative effects of weather forecasts as they are lost in translation. On the basis of these findings, we recommend policy"=makers to be more aware of differences between small"=scale farmers. Policies should aim to encourage and incentivize resourceful farmers to implement long"=term adaptive strategies, such as agroforestry and irrigation systems, whereas, less resourceful farmers have a more imminent need for innovative insurance schemes and bank loans adapted to local conditions. These policies should lead all farmers and officials alike to adopt a more long"=term focus of farming practices for a more responsible and better informed advisory regime in the Anthropocene.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Adaptive capacity, agency, climate change, crop"=livestock system, Principal Component Analysis, small"=scale farmers, transfer of information, weather hazards
\index[key]{Adaptive capacity}
\index[key]{Agency}
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Crop"=livestock system}
\index[key]{Principal Component Analysis}
\index[key]{Small"=scale farmers}
\index[key]{Transfer of information}
\index[key]{Weather hazards}
\end{document}
