\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Certification of Non"=timber Forest Products: a Case Study on the Brazil Nut in Oriximiná, Brazil},pdfauthor={Nicole Dittrich},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Brazil nut, Brazilian Amazon, certification, extractivists, forest dependent people, NTFP, sustainable development},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{The Certification of Non"=timber Forest Products: a Case Study on the Brazil Nut in Oriximiná, Brazil\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Nicole Dittrich, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 ~Bochum, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{nicole.dittrich@rub.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Nicole Dittrich}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Dittrich, Nicole}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This research is part of the NoPa/Puxirum Project which aims to promote the Brazilian Government Plan for Promotion of Socio-Diversity Product Chains (Plano Nacional de Promoção das cadeias de produtos da sociobiodiversidade). The project sets focus on the municipality of Oriximiná in the state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon region.  Using  non"=timber  forest  products  (NTFPs) as  research  objects,  the project focused on the analysis of the valorisation of socio"=biodiversity products, and their potential for the promotion of a sustainable forest management. Furthermore, innovative  economic  instruments  were  searched  for  to  better  the  livelihood  of  forest  dependent people and ensure environmental protection. Due to the low income from extractivism, many forest dependent people are driven to either leave the forest or find new sources of income such as cattle farming or manioc cultivation. Those new income activities have led to forest clearance and biodiversity destruction in the Amazon region. Hence, the project's mission is the search for strategies to balance economic benefits  of  forest  dependent  people  and  biodiversity  conservation.  To  do  so,  the  project analysed  and  created  synergies  with  existing  initiatives  concerning  extractivism  and evaluates their obstacles and potentials in order to derive enhanced instruments for successful market integration and sustainable development.



This research set focus on the the implementation of a certification scheme for the Brazil nut in Oriximiná. The goal was to analysed whether product certification is an effective tool to create economic benefits and sustainable development for the local extractivists. To do  so,  the  community  level  was  looked  at.  The  analysis  was done  by  referring  the  Fair  Trade,  IMO  EU organic and FSC standards to Oriximiná and comparing them in regard to their implementation efforts. A stakeholder  analysis  was  conducted  to  identify  all  relevant  parties  enrolled  in  the  Brazil  nut  trade  in Oriximiná.  Furthermore,  benefits  of  the  implementation  of  the  named  certification  schemes  for  the extractivists were discussed,  as well  as obstacles  and  problems that  extractivists face at  the beginning or during the implementation process are identified. The analysis is based on relevant economic literature, the certification schemes standards and field interviews.







}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Brazil nut, Brazilian Amazon, certification, extractivists, forest dependent people, NTFP, sustainable development
\index[key]{Brazil nut}
\index[key]{Brazilian Amazon}
\index[key]{Certification}
\index[key]{Extractivists}
\index[key]{Forest!dependent people}
\index[key]{NTFP}
\index[key]{Sustainable!development}
\end{document}
