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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Evaluation of Different Organic Wastes on Food Production   and Soil Fertility   . A Case Study},pdfauthor={Ezzat Abd El Lateef, Jeremy Hall, Aziza Farrag},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biosolids  ,nutrients, egypt, reclaimed soil, sewage sludge, trace elements, yields},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Evaluation of Different Organic Wastes on Food Production   and Soil Fertility   . A Case Study\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ezzat Abd El Lateef, National Research Centre, Field Crops Department, Dokki, 12622~Cairo, Egypt, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ezzlatnrc@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ezzat Abd El Lateef$^{1}$, Jeremy Hall$^{2}$, Aziza Farrag$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$National Research Centre, Field Crops Department, Egypt}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Independant Sludge and Wastewater Consultant, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$National Research Center, Field Crops Department, Egypt}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Abd El Lateef, Ezzat}
\index[author]{Hall, Jeremy}
\index[author]{Farrag, Aziza}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The Cairo Sludge Disposal Study is being funded within the Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Programme (METAP) through the European Investment Bank (EIB) and promoted by the Cairo Wastewater Organisation (CWO). The study is a demonstration programme to show how the problems of sludge disposal from large rapidly developing cities, such as Cairo, can be solved through the establishment of a practical system for the safe reuse of sludge in agriculture. 



 27 field trials were undertaken, most continuing over the three years of Phase 2 and including six seasons of arable crops. The data from all of these trials were summarised and interpreted, and the findings used in the development of focused agricultural advice in the extension and farmers' guides, and to support the scientific basis for the strategic sludge management plan. 



The field trials programme demonstrated the effectiveness of solar"=dried raw and digested sewage sludges as fertilisers and soil conditioners as well as a source of trace elements  for arable crop production on alluvial clay soils of the Nile delta, and sandy soils on reclaimed land.. The relative effectiveness of the different organic materials and N fertiliser, evaluated on the basis of observed patterns in crop N content, was as follows:



Digested sludge $>$ FYM $>$ N fertiliser $\geq$ Raw sludge



Extensive chemical analysis of field and fruit crops from the trials (25,000 individual plant tissue analyses were reported by the Study) did not reveal any significant relationships between heavy metal additions from sludge to soil and the concentrations present in plant tissues, which were in the normal ranges reported for crop plants in Egypt  . The potential risks are small due to the relatively low concentrations in Cairo sludges. In overall assessment of the practical situation in Egypt and from a scientific perspective, the use of sewage sludge in agriculture is justified and would appear to be the most sensible and sustainable solution to the management of sludge produced from greater cities.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biosolids  ,nutrients, egypt, reclaimed soil, sewage sludge, trace elements, yields
\index[key]{Biosolids  ,nutrients}
\index[key]{Egypt}
\index[key]{Reclaimed soil}
\index[key]{Sewage sludge}
\index[key]{Trace elements}
\index[key]{Yields}
\end{document}
