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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Nutritional and Anti"=Nutritional Constituents of Defatted \textit{Moringa }Seed Cake},pdfauthor={Esther Nwanguma, Cyril Joachim},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Anti-nutrient, defatting, minerals, Moringa oliefera, seed cake},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Nutritional and Anti"=Nutritional Constituents of Defatted \textit{Moringa }Seed Cake\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Esther Nwanguma, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Animal Production and Health Technology., Off Ijapo Road, Akure, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{estherugochi@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Esther Nwanguma$^{1}$, Cyril Joachim$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Animal Production and Health Technology., Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Federal University of Technology, Akure, Animal Production  and Health, }}}
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\index[author]{Nwanguma, Esther}
\index[author]{Joachim, Cyril}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{

The need for alternative feed sources to meet the demand of cost reduction in feed ingredients for livestock production in developing countries, informed the evaluation of the nutritional and anti"=nutritional constituents of \textit{Moringa oleifera} seed as a potential feed ingredient in Nigeria. There is vast information available on the potentials of the plant leaf as a source of protein but limited information on the seed in livestock feeding hence these studies aim is to determine the nutritional and anti"=nutritional composition of \textit{Moringa }seed cake (MSC). \textit{Moringa }seeds were sourced from homes in Akure, Nigeria. Oil was extracted from the seeds as described by Price (2007) while cake left after oil has being extracted was dried at room temperature and subjected to further analysis. 



Proximate composition, mineral contents, energy compositions and anti"=nutrient components of the sample were determined. 



The study revealed that MSC contains high nitrogen free extract 45.68$\pm$1.17\,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1}.  The ash value was 6.25$\pm$0.10\,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1} while the energy content obtained was 1592.84$\pm$\5.17\,J\,kg\textsuperscript{-1}. The crude protein (24.70$\pm$0.15 \,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1}) in the cake was discovered to be lower than values reported for other seed cakes. The results showed that MSC contain appreciable amount of potassium (11.68$\pm$0.03\,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1}). The magnesium in the cake was 0.37$\pm$0.12\,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1} while the phosphorus content of MSC in this study was 0.55$\pm$0.02\,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1}.  The quantitative examination of the anti"=nutrient in the cake revealed that phytate level was 10.44 $\pm$ 0.48\,mg\,100g\textsuperscript{-1} which was the highest value of the phytochemicals obtained from the study, while alkaloids value (0.50$\pm$0.02\,g\,100g\textsuperscript{-1}) was the lowest. Estimated MSC nutritional values when compared with other known cakes in poultry industry revealed some high essential minerals. 



From this study, the nutritional composition of MSC suggest that it could be a good seed cake for feeding animals where available in large quantity. The phytate in the cake which is of medicinal importance but detrimental to animals when consumed in excess can be further reduced through mild processing. }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Anti"=nutrient, defatting, minerals, \textit{Moringa oleifera}, seed cake
\index[key]{Anti"=nutrient}
\index[key]{Defatting}
\index[key]{Minerals}
\index[key]{Moringa@\textit{Moringa oliefera}}
\index[key]{Seed!cake}
\end{document}
