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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Potential  of Verticilliumlecanii (Zimm) Palolo  Isolates as  Biological Control Agent Againts Mosquito Bugs, Helopeltis Spp.(hemiptera: MIRIDAE) on Cocoa Pods},pdfauthor={Alam Anshary, Moh Yunus, Nova Pangallo},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={And Verticillium lecanii, biological control, Cocoa plantation, Helopeltis spp.},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Potential  of Verticilliumlecanii (Zimm) Palolo  Isolates as  Biological Control Agent Againts Mosquito Bugs, Helopeltis Spp.(hemiptera: MIRIDAE) on Cocoa Pods\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Alam Anshary, University of Tadulako, Central Sulawesi Indonesia, Departement of Agrotecnology, Faculty of Agriculture, , \mbox{e-mail}: \email{anshary2002@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Alam Anshary$^{1}$, Moh Yunus$^{2}$, Nova Pangallo$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Tadulako, Central Sulawesi Indonesia, Departement of Agrotecnology, Faculty of Agriculture, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Tadulako University, Agrotechnology, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Tadulako University, Agrotechnology, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Anshary, Alam}
\index[author]{Yunus, Moh}
\index[author]{Pangallo, Nova}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Biological control is one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides and it can be described as the limitation of the abundance of living organisms and their products by other living organisms. Fungi and other beneficial organisms can be used for the biocontrol of insect pests. The fungus \textit{Verticillium lecanii} is one of the members of Deuteromycetes and it can be used for crop protection. This study aimed to determine influence of \textit{Verticillium lecanii} of Palolo isolates at different suspension based dilutions on Helopeltis spp. percentage mortality, its population density and its intensity of attacks. A preliminary test for designing field experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease of Tadulako University using four treatments of suspension dilutions of \textit{V.~lecanii} i.e. 10--3,10--5, 10--7, and 10--9 with three replicates.   The field experiment was then implemented in cocoa plantation located at Makmur village of Palolo in Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Six plots 15\,$\times$\,\mbox{20\,m} each contained 50 cacao plants where samples were randomly observed based on the presence of Helopeltiss spp attack. The suspension dilutions of \textit{V.~lecanii} were applied four times by two week intervals.  The results of this study show that the 10--5 suspension dilutions of \textit{V.~lecanii} are effective in causing high Helopeltis spp. mortality ranging from \mbox{53.33\,\%} to \mbox{83.33\,\%}. Statistical analysis using t"=test showed that the \textit{V.~lecanii} 10--5 suspension treatment in field conditions is very significant in reducing the population of Helopeltis spp. ranging from only 2.11 adults plot$^{-1}$ to  5.56 adults plot$^{-1}$. It also decreases the intensity of the Helopeltis spp. attacks by less than \mbox{25\,\%} while the attack in the treatment with no application of \textit{V.~lecanii} varies from \mbox{25\,\%} -\mbox{50\,\%}.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} And \textit{Verticillium lecanii}, biological control, Cocoa plantation, Helopeltis spp.
\index[key]{And Verticillium lecanii@\textit{Verticillium lecanii}}
\index[key]{Biological control}
\index[key]{Cocoa plantation}
\index[key]{Helopeltis spp.}
\end{document}
