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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Diaporthe/phomopsis Species Complex from European Soybean Seeds},pdfauthor={Behnoush Hosseini, Ralf T. Voegele, Abbas El-Hasan},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex, morphological and molecular characterisation, soybean},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Diaporthe/phomopsis Species Complex from European Soybean Seeds\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Behnoush Hosseini, University of Hohenheim, Phytopathology, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599 ~Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{behnoush.hosseini@uni-hohenheim.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Behnoush Hosseini, Ralf T. Voegele, Abbas El-Hasan}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Hohenheim, Phytopathology, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Hosseini, Behnoush}
\index[author]{Voegele, Ralf T.}
\index[author]{El-Hasan, Abbas}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex (DPC) is involved in seed"=borne fungal soybean diseases. These diseases include seed decay, pod and stem blight, and stem canker, leading to considerable yield losses and reduced seed quality. DPC is caused by several members belonging to the genera Phomopsis and Diaporthe. Although, DPC is investigated for decades, species differential studies on this pathogen complex are still rather limited. However, because of the high economic impact of DPC, accurate species identification is critical in understanding disease epidemiology and developing effective control measures. Therefore, objectives of this study were to i) find out the most relevant species of DPC on European soybean and ii) whether there are dominant species on commercial soybean cultivars. We focused on morphological and cultural characteristics, biometrical values of reproductive structures and molecular analyses. DPC- damaged soybean seeds obtained from different regions in Southern Germany, Austria and France were analysed for the presence of different DPC species. Sterilized seeds were placed on acidified potato dextrose agar and incubated for 30 days at 25°C. The percentage of infection and the presence/absence of alpha and beta conidia were determined. Our results revealed that the highest infection rates (\&\#707;\mbox{85\,\%}) were detected in cv. Sultana, Malaga, Korus, and Pollux. Whereas lowest infection rates (\&\#706;\mbox{10\,\%}) were detected in cv. Primus, and PR 1121382. \mbox{55\,\%} of the isolates produced only alpha"=conidia and \mbox{44.4\,\%} of them produced alpha and beta"=conidia. Deliniation of DPC species according to morphological identification is uncertain. Moreover, the teleomorph stage (Diaporthe) is not yet determined for all DPC species. 30 isolates were molecularly identified depending on the sequences of their ITS region. According to our results we considered that the most prevalent DPC-pathogens collected from Southern Germany were Diaporthe longicolla (\mbox{75\,\%}) and D. sojae (\mbox{25\,\%}). Whereas the most frequent DPC-pathogens obtained from Austria were D. sojae (\mbox{39\,\%}), D. longicolla (\mbox{28\,\%}), D. caulivora (\mbox{11\,\%}), D. eres (\mbox{11\,\%}), Phomopsis sp. (\mbox{5.5\,\%}) and Diaporthe sp. (\mbox{5.5\,\%}). Also the most frequently isolated DPC-pathogens collected from France were Diaporthe sp. (\mbox{50\,\%}) and Phomopsis sp. (\mbox{50\,\%}). Further studies confirming the pathogenicity of these pathogens and commercial soybean cultivar susceptibility are currently in progress.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex, morphological and molecular characterisation, soybean
\index[key]{Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex}
\index[key]{Morphological and molecular characterization}
\index[key]{Soybean}
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