\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Characterisation of some Parameters for the Design and Selection of Potato   Harvesters Machines for Colombian Conditions},pdfauthor={Fernando Lozano Osorno},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agricultural machinery adaptation, Cutting blades, potato Harvesters},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Characterisation of some Parameters for the Design and Selection of Potato   Harvesters Machines for Colombian Conditions\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Fernando Lozano Osorno, National University of Colombia, Agricultrual Engineering,  Carrera 45 N° 26-85 Edificio Uriel Gutierrez, Bogotá, Colombia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{flozanoo@unal.edu.co}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Fernando Lozano Osorno}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{National University of Colombia, Agricultrual Engineering, Colombia}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Lozano Osorno, Fernando}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
With the aim of selecting the main components of potato diggers or harvesters that best satisfy the technical characteristics of production in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in Colombia, an assessment of the main features governing their design and behaviour was made. For this, the equations of these mechanisms were established and therefore the characteristics that should be measured in field and laboratory.



The measured characteristics were: Density of the soil mass, geometrical configuration of the tubers distribution \textit{in~situ}, geometric configuration of the ridges in the field, cohesion and friction coefficient of the soil in the ridge, friction coefficient between soil and metal, penetration resistance of the soil in the ridge, weights of potatoes and stems, soil moisture content at harvest, compressive strength of clods of soil, and size distribution of clods of soil in the ridge.



With these features, some recommendations for the size and behaviour of the cutting blade, the drive units and the crumbling and separation units were made.  The study allowed to find the size ranges of the components for animal traction machines as well as machines for tractor.



In general the dimensions do not vary much from those of the commercial machines. The cutting blade must have 690 mm length and 1070 mm width for tractor machine and 980 mm length and 875 mm width for animal draught, its cutting angle should be between 50 and 74° and slope of 25° for tractor pull and 18° for animal draught. It should be used tires for the driving unit that goes over the ridge.  For separation of clods the conveyor belts with rods are the best option, with 1500 mm length for tractor machines and speed so low as \unitfrac[0.94]{m}{s}. }

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agricultural machinery adaptation, Cutting blades, potato Harvesters
\index[key]{Agricultural!machinery adaptation}
\index[key]{Cutting blades}
\index[key]{Potato Harvesters}
\end{document}
