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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Compost Marketing Innovations --- Opportunities to Increase Fertiliser Usage Produced from Organic Waste in Developing Countries},pdfauthor={Lukas Schäfer},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Compost, Dar es Salaam, fertiliser, Hamburg, incentives, innovation, marketing, nutrients, organic waste, rural-urban relationship, Tansania, waste management},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Compost Marketing Innovations --- Opportunities to Increase Fertiliser Usage Produced from Organic Waste in Developing Countries\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Lukas Schäfer, Municipal Waste Management Company of Hamburg, Communication and Innovation, Bullerdeich 19, 20537~Hamburg, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{l.schaefer@srhh.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Lukas Schäfer}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Municipal Waste Management Company of Hamburg, Communication and Innovation, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Schäfer, Lukas}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The dependency of cities on rural areas is as old as human history. Today, more than ever before, cities have become hungry after resource, but still fail to recycle materials such as water, nutrients, and carbon back to the hinterland (Kennedy, et al., 2007). This can lead to an increasing depletion and possible destruction of eco systems in rural areas, which provide vital natural resources for all. While in some areas water and nutrients are already returned informally through irrigation with waste water (van der Hoek, et al., 2002) the use of compost produced from urban organic waste is still limited (Zurbrügg, et al., 2005). Some reasons are uncertain qualities, access and availability, as well as social and economic concerns.



The focus of this research is the promotion of fertiliser produced from urban organic waste in rural and peri"=urban areas (Deelstra \& Girardet, 2000). The research boundaries are set from the delivery of waste to a treatment site until the application on farm land. Due to limited resources, only composting by bacteria is analysed in this work, vermi"=composting or other insect"=based treatment options are excluded. 



The work analyses at first different approaches to promote and improve the use of organic fertiliser (compost) by farmers in developing countries found in literature. In a second step new models of compost marketing incentives are developed and discussed critically. Such models can be economic (e.g. subsidies), social (e.g. services), and political (e.g. through new legislation). To conclude the already applied marketing approaches and innovations are compared for validation. 



The research is the basis for a compost marketing plan for an organic waste composting facility under construction in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The facility is financed by the City of Hamburg and Federal Government of Germany under the Climate Partnership between Hamburg and Dar es Salaam.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Compost, Dar es Salaam, fertiliser, Hamburg, incentives, innovation, marketing, nutrients, organic waste, rural"=urban relationship, Tansania, waste management
\index[key]{Compost}
\index[key]{Dar es Salaam}
\index[key]{Fertilizer}
\index[key]{Hamburg}
\index[key]{Incentives}
\index[key]{Innovation}
\index[key]{Marketing}
\index[key]{Nutrients}
\index[key]{Organic!waste}
\index[key]{Rural"=urban relationship}
\index[key]{Tansania}
\index[key]{Waste management}
\end{document}
