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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of Sloping Land Conversion Program's Sustainability in China},pdfauthor={Xiaoling Song, Siegfried Bauer},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Labor transfer, Propensity Score matching, sLCP, sustainability},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Analysis of Sloping Land Conversion Program's Sustainability in China\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Xiaoling Song, Justus-liebig Universität Giessen, Marburger Str. 62, 35396~Giessen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lilysong@live.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Xiaoling Song$^{1}$, Siegfried Bauer$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Justus-liebig Universität Giessen, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Inst. of Farm and Agribusiness Management - Project and Regional Planning, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Song, Xiaoling}
\index[author]{Bauer, Siegfried}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
China implemented Sloping Land Conversion Program in 25 provinces, the programme provided payments to the participating households. The payments is not permanent, but with period limitation. Comprehensive factors influence the sustainability of the programme after the end of the payment, in this research we mainly discuss about the influence of the SLCP on participators' off"=farm work allocation. After participating in the SLCP, the farmers have relatively more surplus labors as planting trees need less labour input than raising crops. When the subsidy ends in short years, if the farmers depend too much on the land work, and have not transferred their labors to more off"=farm employment, meanwhile the forests have relatively lower economic benefits when compared with the crops, especially when the forest in the SLCP are mostly ecological forest ($>$\mbox{80\,\%}). Whether the programme helps to transfer the rural labour to off"=farm work has significant meaning to the sustainability of the program. 



We employ propensity score matching method to analyse the influence of SLCP on the off"=farm working time, the explanatory variables including: Age, Gender, Marriage status, Education, Non agriculture skill, health status; number of labour, Non"=agriculture remuneration, as well as related households characteristics, plots characteristics. We choose to use the nearest neighbour matching method with replacement, standard errors are bootstrapped using 1,000 replications. 



The result shows that, the participating households do not have significant higher off"=farm labour than the non"=participating households, the participating groups spent relatively more off"=farm working time on the off"=farm job, but it is not statistically significant. In our survey we found that, even participating in SLCP could save some labors, its impacts on the farmers' off"=farm working time is minor. Even the farmers have more surplus labors, most of them try to get off"=farm jobs by themselves or from the introduction of their friends or relatives. If policymakers want to achieve a win"=win outcome from the SLCP by meeting both environmental and economic development goals and ensure the program's sustainability, they may need to provide additional support to vulnerable population through job training programs or other means.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Labor transfer, Propensity Score matching, sLCP, sustainability
\index[key]{Labor transfer}
\index[key]{Propensity Score matching}
\index[key]{SLCP}
\index[key]{Sustainability}
\end{document}
