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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Impact of the South Sudanese Civil War on Animal Health},pdfauthor={Tinega Ong'ondi, Maximilian Baumann, Cornelia Heine, Oyoko George, Ounga Odhiambo},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Animal health, conflict, livelihoods, pastoralism, South Sudan},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{The Impact of the South Sudanese Civil War on Animal Health\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Cornelia Heine, Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Germany / Tierärzte Ohne Grenzen e.V., Marienstr. 19/20, 10117~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{cornelia.heine@togev.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Tinega Ong'ondi$^{1}$, Maximilian Baumann$^{2}$, Cornelia Heine$^{1}$, Oyoko George$^{1}$, Ounga Odhiambo$^{1}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Vétérinaires sans Frontières Germany, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Freie Universität Berlin, FAO Reference Centre for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ong'ondi, Tinega}
\index[author]{Baumann, Maximilian}
\index[author]{Heine, Cornelia}
\index[author]{George, Oyoko}
\index[author]{Odhiambo, Ounga}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Since December 2013, large parts of South Sudan have been turned into landscapes of violence, leading to an unprecedented displacement of people with their cattle that has totally altered livestock population, production, migration routes and disease patterns.



VSF Germany, in collaboration with Vistas und USAID conducted a multidisciplinary field study trying to assess the impact of conflict on the livelihoods and socio"=political dynamics of agro- pastoral communities in the Greater Upper Nile region. A mixed method design implemented through a participatory approach was adopted  to capture, triangulate and verify information.



The assessment included an inventory of staffing, of veterinary infrastructure, Community Animal Health Workers,drug supply and of diseases and herd  demographics as affected by the conflict.  



Main disease outbreaks that affected livelihood since the December 2013 conflict included food and mouth disease, emergence of otitis media/externa and suspected east coast fever. Over all locations, prevalence of disease conditions increased from 



an average of \mbox{26.3\,\%} before the conflicts to an average of \mbox{61.3\,\%} after the conflicts.



From the 10 PRA groups included in the data collection in Unity state a mean disease prevalence was estimated and quantified at \mbox{17.7\,\%} for HS, \mbox{15.8\,\%} for BQ, \mbox{13.1\,\%} for  Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), \mbox{12.3\,\%} for fascioliasis, \mbox{11.4\,\%} for diarrhoea, \mbox{10.9\,\%} for FMD and \mbox{9.6\,\%} for trypanosomosis, with mostly higher prevalences in younger age groups.



Estimated case fatality rates as retrieved by participatory methods from identified cattle diseases ranged from \mbox{39.1\,\%} for HS, \mbox{34.6\,\%} for CBPP, \mbox{33\,\%} for BQ, \mbox{29.1\,\%} for Tryps, \mbox{14.5\,\%} for FMD, \mbox{10.6\,\%} for diarrhoea to \mbox{9.2\,\%} for fascioliasis.



Further causes of cattle losses included, with Upper Nile state taken as an example: flood drowning (\mbox{35\,\%}), theft (\mbox{30\,\%}), diseases (\mbox{23\,\%}), and displacement (\mbox{12\,\%}) for cattle; for sheep and goats losses mainly resulted from diseases (\mbox{39\,\%}), followed by flood drowning (\mbox{28\,\%}), theft (\mbox{26\,\%}) and displacement (\mbox{7\,\%}).



From a technical point of view this is the most detailed field data collection ever carried out in Greater Upper Nile on animal health and productivity, product marketing and services delivery. A substantial impact on livelihood and food security is certainly anticipated by all stakeholders involved.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Animal health, conflict, livelihoods, pastoralism, South Sudan
\index[key]{Animal!health}
\index[key]{Conflict}
\index[key]{Livelihoods}
\index[key]{Pastoralism}
\index[key]{South Sudan}
\end{document}
