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\hypersetup{pdftitle={ Liquid and Solid Fertilisation on Productivity of Maize in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria},pdfauthor={Uthman Arunah, Ehiabhi Cyril Odion, Bashiru Babaji, Adamu Ahmed},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Crop efficiency, liquid manure, solid fertiliser, yield},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{ Liquid and Solid Fertilisation on Productivity of Maize in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Uthman Arunah, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Dept. of Agronomy, Basawa Behind Abatua, Zaria, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ularuna@abu.edu.ng}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Uthman Arunah$^{1}$, Ehiabhi Cyril Odion$^{2}$, Bashiru Babaji$^{3}$, Adamu Ahmed$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Dept. of Agronomy, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ahmadu Bello University, Inst. for Agricultural Research: Agronomy, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Dept. of Agronomy, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Ahmadu Bello University,  Zaria, Agronomy, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Arunah, Uthman}
\index[author]{Odion, Ehiabhi Cyril}
\index[author]{Babaji, Bashiru}
\index[author]{Ahmed, Adamu}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
A filed experiment was carried out at the Institute for Agricultural Research farm, Samaru during the dry season of 2014/2015 to investigate the performance of maize with the use of solid and liquid fertilisation. The treatments consisted of four rates of liquid (0, 1.9, 3.7 and 7.4 l ha $^{-1}$) and solid (0:0:0, 30:15:15, 60:30:30 and 120:60:60) fertilisers. The bulkiness of solid manures, poor handling, scarcity at cropping season and time of its application necessitated the use of liquid manures that also have the advantages of slow release of nutrients. This is coupled with its supplying macro and micro nutrients needed by the crops, control of insect and pest in crops. The result shows that application of solid manure up to 3.7 l ha $^{-1}$ recorded taller plant, more leaves and leaf area index. Days to \mbox{50\,\%} tasseling was delayed beyond application of 1.9 l ha $^{-1}$. Applied 7.4 l ha $^{-1}$ resulted to heavier dry matter only when compared to the control. However, maize plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, days to 50 percent tasseling and dry matter responded up to applied 30: 15: \mbox{15\,kg} NPK ha $^{-1}$.  Heavier cobs was observed when 7.4 l ha $^{-1}$ applied although only to the control and 100-seed weight and grain yield responded up to applied 1.9 l ha $^{-1}$. Likewise, 100-seed weight and grain yield had no significant respond beyond applied 30: 15: \mbox{15\,kg} NPK ha $^{-1}$. The interaction showed that application of 7.4 l ha $^{-1}$ liquid fertiliser plus 30: 15: \mbox{15\,kg} NPK ha $^{-1}$ resulted to heavier grain yields. The efficiency of the manures showed that liquid fertiliser performed best at low rate of solid NPK fertiliser. The finding shows that the liquid fertiliser has the ability to increase crop yield when applied at the rate of 7.4 l ha $^{-1}$ with 30: 15: \mbox{15\,kg} NPK ha $^{-1}$.        }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Crop efficiency, liquid manure, solid fertiliser, yield
\index[key]{Crop!efficiency}
\index[key]{Liquid manure}
\index[key]{Solid fertilizer}
\index[key]{Yield}
\end{document}
