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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Sustainable Intensification of Small"=Scale Agriculture in Rural Tanzania -- Does it Work?},pdfauthor={Kathleen Brüssow, Anja Faße, Ulrike Grote},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Environmental sustainability, small-scale agriculture, sustainable intensification},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Sustainable Intensification of Small"=Scale Agriculture in Rural Tanzania -- Does it Work?\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kathleen Brüssow, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Königsworther Platz 1, 30167~Hannover, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{bruessow@iuw.uni-hannover.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Kathleen Brüssow, Anja Faße, Ulrike Grote}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Brüssow, Kathleen}
\index[author]{Faße, Anja}
\index[author]{Grote, Ulrike}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The transition of farming systems to higher levels of productivity without overusing natural resources, also known as sustainable intensification, has been of great interest to governments and international organisations. On the one hand, it would ensure food security of a rising population especially in developing countries demanding an increase in agricultural output. On the other hand, it would reduce the need for land use change in favour of settlement areas, grazing lands and agricultural use, which again results in nutrient mining, soil erosion and soil degradation. To find a sustainable way of intensification is therefore the focus of many researchers.



The aim of this paper is to evaluate environmental sustainability at different levels of intensification. It is hypothesised that intensification of small"=scale farm systems leads to environmental degradation, in particular if small"=scale farmers have more output from the same area of land. The paper contributes to the integration of environmental and economic interests, which is necessary for sustainable land and crop management, by combining indicators of intensification, such as crop yield, with indicators of environmental sustainability, i.e. the amount of pesticides or chemical fertilisers applied or soil fertility enhancing practices. 



Data were collected based on a household survey from 900 randomly selected small"=scale farm households in the setting of the semi"=humid region Morogoro and the semi"=arid region Dodoma in rural Tanzania in 2014. Key indicators for environmental sustainability are identified using a Principal Component Analysis. Descriptives show that intensification is implemented on a relatively low level, i.e. \mbox{15.6\,\%} of farmers apply pesticides, \mbox{7.8\,\%} use improved seeds and only \mbox{1.3\,\%} of them apply mineral fertiliser. In order to evaluate the effect of intensification on environmental sustainability at different levels and control for socio"=economic and farm characteristics, a quantile regression is employed. Preliminary results show sustainable intensification depends on local conditions; especially farmers in semi"=arid Dodoma region perform worse in terms of yield and are less able to benefit from environmentally friendly practices.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Environmental sustainability, small"=scale agriculture, sustainable intensification
\index[key]{Environmental!sustainability}
\index[key]{Small"=scale!agriculture}
\index[key]{Sustainable!intensification}
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