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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Study of Indigenous Chicken Production Systems in Rural Area of Thailand for Sustainable Development},pdfauthor={Rangsun Charoensook, Sonthaya Numthuam, Wandee Tartrakoon, Tossaporn Incharoen},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Chickens, production systems, sustainable development, Thailand},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Study of Indigenous Chicken Production Systems in Rural Area of Thailand for Sustainable Development\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Rangsun Charoensook, Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, 99, 65000~Phitsanulok, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rangsunc@nu.ac.th}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Rangsun Charoensook$^{1}$, Sonthaya Numthuam$^{2}$, Wandee Tartrakoon$^{3}$, Tossaporn Incharoen$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Charoensook, Rangsun}
\index[author]{Numthuam, Sonthaya}
\index[author]{Tartrakoon, Wandee}
\index[author]{Incharoen, Tossaporn}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Thai indigenous chicken (IC) can adapt well to hot climate, low quality feed and still generate regularly even with minimum management.Thus, they can be seen throughout the local areas of Thailand. Moreover, in relation to biodiversity, they seem to be a reservoir of genetic resources which could be a benefit for future use. Local IC are not only raised for household consumption and extra income but are also bred for sport such as fighting cock (FC). In recent year, cock fighting has become a high value sport challenge in Thailand. However, little information exists in relation to the local chicken husbandry, management, trading and socio"=economic status of households. The objectives of our study were to describe local IC production systems and socio"=economic statuses of farmers. The survey involving 200 households from 48 villages using both purposive and random sampling methods was carried out in five provinces of the lower"=northern. From present study, the majority of households were males (\mbox{87\,\%}), the reason of IC raising were cash income (\mbox{88\,\%}) and consumption (\mbox{77\,\%}). The chicken husbandry system could be classified into three categories as free"=range systems (\mbox{18\,\%}), intensive systems (\mbox{6.5\,\%}) and semi"=intensive systems (\mbox{75.5\,\%}). The most local IC was left to scavenge and farmers also provided some extra feed. The average flock size per household for roosters and hens was 3.07 and 9.06, with a total flock size of 39.23 birds. The predation (\mbox{63.5\,\%}) and disease (\mbox{22.5\,\%}) were the main cause of mortality. Although most of the farmers could do some vaccination by themselves, their knowledge about the prevention of epidemic diseases and farm management was still limited. For trading, the well"=trained and well breed FC (5 to 12 months old) could be sold for very high prices compared with general IC. From our study, we suggested that the education about chicken genetics, welfare and farm management are necessary and should be promoted by government institutions for sustainable development projects in the future.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Chickens, production systems, sustainable development, Thailand
\index[key]{Indigenous!Chickens}
\index[key]{Production systems}
\index[key]{Rural!Area}
\index[key]{Sustainable!development}
\index[key]{Thailand}
\end{document}
